Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalia Gemza, Kamil Janiak, Bartosz Zieba, Jacek Przyszlak, Magdalena Kusnierz
Summary: This study presents the long-term effects of a full-scale hydrocyclone unit on sedimentation, treatment efficiency, and sludge morphology in a continuous flow system. The research focuses on understanding the mechanisms of sludge behavior within the system. The findings show that temperature variations and overgrowth of filamentous bacteria can impact sedimentation efficiency, and sludge separated by the hydrocyclone exhibits higher settling velocity and a more compact, spherical morphology.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Anatoly Karmanov, Lyudmila Kocheva, Mikhail Borisenkov, Vladimir Belyi
Summary: The topological structure of lignins from oat husk and fir wood was studied using macromolecular hydrodynamic methods. The lignins' macromolecular properties were analyzed by evaluating their intrinsic viscosity, translational diffusion coefficients, and sedimentation velocity. Lignins from oat husks had a linear topology, while lignins from fir wood were highly branched polymers.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiyun Feng, Baoyu Gao, Qinyan Yue, Kangying Guo
Summary: PSBF and LBF, synthesized from papermaking sludge and commercial lignin respectively, showed superior flocculation performance in removing dyes from wastewater and were insensitive to pH variation. In the presence of dye auxiliaries, they exhibited even better decolorization efficiencies by slightly increasing their dosages.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Juan Pablo Pavissich, Nicolas Camus, Jose Luis Campos, Oscar Franchi, Alba Pedrouso, Paula Carrera, Angeles Val del Rio, Anuska Mosquera-Corral
Summary: The research found that the biomass of granular sludge showed significant fluctuations during the experimental process, but changes in the fractal dimension values of the granules were correlated with the dynamics of granule formation and disintegration. Therefore, the relative standard deviation of the granules fractal dimension can serve as an important parameter for monitoring the granules status and provide early warning of changes in the granules.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xuejuan Li, Dan Wang
Summary: The unsmooth boundary of a cavity for filling glass fiber-reinforced polymer melt significantly affects flow property and the shape of the free interface. Utilizing two-scale fractal theory reveals basic properties, while numerical results offer insight into the filling process. The fractal cavity provides a new approach to controlling the interface.
FRACTALS-COMPLEX GEOMETRY PATTERNS AND SCALING IN NATURE AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shuai Guo, Jialiang Gao, Deng Zhao, Chenchen Zhao, Xingcan Li, Guangyu Li
Summary: This study investigates the effects of co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal on the emissions of NOx and SOx and the formation of ash. The results show that a higher sludge content can reduce SO2 emission and promote fusion of ash particles to alleviate slagging. The specific surface area of ash is negatively correlated with temperature. A reaction temperature of 900 degrees C and sludge content of 20 wt% are found to be optimal for pollutant emission control and ash agglomeration during co-combustion.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qindong Fan, Xuejian Mei, Chenming Zhang, Hang Wang
Summary: The analysis of urban spatial form is fundamental to urban development. Traditional fractal research often focuses on the urban spatial layout, lacking a visually expressive representation of the specific form, characteristics, and development trends of urban architectural spaces. This study simplifies urban architectural forms and establishes correlations between architectural form and fractal dimension. The case study reveals that Zhengzhou City exhibits obvious fractal characteristics in its architectural layout. The combination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional fractal dimensions helps to comprehensively reveal architectural layout information. This study promotes the visualization of fractal theory and its application to spatial gradients, providing theoretical and data references for optimizing urban spatial form.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
James D. Sheehan, Elvis Ebikade, Dionisios G. Vlachos, Raul F. Lobo
Summary: Depolymerized lignins from different sources were transformed into biodegradable, water-soluble polymers (WSPs) by grafting hydrophilic L-lysine to their aromatic framework via the Mannich reaction. The size of the WSPs in aqueous solutions was sensitive to pH, and the zwitterionic properties of the WSPs allowed for tunable control of the hydrodynamic radii. The lignin-based WSPs showed high efficacy in reducing the turbidity of clay mineral suspensions, and all three types of WSPs were biodegradable.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Kelly E. Robles, Michelle Roberts, Catherine Viengkham, Julian H. Smith, Conor Rowland, Saba Moslehi, Sabrina Stadlober, Anastasija Lesjak, Martin Lesjak, Richard P. Taylor, Branka Spehar, Margaret E. Sereno
Summary: Fractal patterns, highly prevalent in nature, impact human perception and can promote occupant wellbeing in human-made environments. The composite fractal 'global-forest' designs demonstrate how fractal pattern components are associated with positive psychological experiences. The balance between increased engagement desire and decreased relaxation desire in fractal design installations drives fractal preference and can be beneficial for occupant wellbeing.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Changhao Wang, Xiaoming Wang, Shibin Li, Yuxuan Jiao, Runyu Yang, Gaiyu Li
Summary: This paper establishes a fractal characterization method for surface roughness and investigates the wear mechanism of roller bit teeth, deriving corresponding contact force model and wear equation.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Hainan Wang, Baochang Zhang, Wei Chen
Summary: The proposed multiple fractal dimensions (MFD) method is effective for robust object description, showing invariance to local variations. It is applied to land-use scene recognition, face recognition, expression recognition, and pedestrian detection, achieving superior performance in terms of recognition rates over state-of-the-art methods.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Yingren Lyu, Hairui Ji, Xingxiang Ji, Zhongjian Tian, Fengshan Zhang
Summary: In this study, maleic acid was used to pretreat Kenaf stalk lignocellulosic biomass and produce light-colored dissolved lignin. The lignin was further transformed into lignin nanospheres for use in sunscreens. The lignin-based sunscreen showed a significantly higher sun protection factor than commercially available sunscreens. Moreover, the remaining solid after pretreatment was utilized to produce Kenaf fibers, which improved the strength and durability of paper.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daxin Zhang, Yili Wang, Junyi Li, Xiaoyang Fan, Enrui Li, Shuoxun Dong, Weiwen Yin, Dongsheng Wang, Baoyou Shi
Summary: This study proposed an electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method and constructed a generalized framework to associate macroscale electrical properties with microscopic structure and size-related characteristics of aggregates. The models extracted via EIS were capable of describing the self similarity of aggregates and capturing the fractal and size information. The EIS method exhibited a wide range of applications in water and wastewater treatment.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Fuquan Liu, Tao Yu, Wenjun Leng, Xin Zhang
Summary: Understanding the distribution characteristics of particles at different heights is crucial for effectively controlling particle pollution. This study discusses the fractal dimension of outdoor particles in a high-rise building in Xi'an and its relationship with particle concentration. The results show that Xi'an's atmosphere is mainly composed of fine particles, and locations with higher fractal dimensions have a higher proportion of fine particles. The fractal dimension can also characterize the adsorption of toxic and harmful gases by particles.
FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yanguang Chen
Summary: The time series of fractal dimension values of urban form always take on sigmoid curves, with the basic model being the logistic function. From these curves, the speed and acceleration formulas of urban growth can be derived, and the inflexions of the fractal parameter curves can be used to identify different phases of city development.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
