Combined Liver-Kidney Transplants: Allosensitization and Recipient Outcomes

Background. A pretransplant positive crossmatch in combined liver kidney transplants (CLK) is not considered a contraindication based on the reported immunoprotection conferred by the liver allograft. However, antibody-mediated rejection of the kidney in CLK has been reported recently. This prompted our study to investigate the impact of presensitization on CLK recipient outcomes. Methods. We examined kidney allograft and patient survival by indication of sensitization using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data on CLK performed from 1995 to 2008. We defined sensitization as panel reactive antibody (PRA) more than 10% or a positive T-cell crossmatch (TXM). Results. Among 2484 CLK recipients with available PRA or TXM information, 30% had positive TXM or PRA more than 10%. Among those with TXM information, 12% had a positive crossmatch (n = 234). In univariate analyses, patient (P = 0.002) and overall kidney graft survival (P = 0.015) were significantly diminished among sensitized patients. Differences in patient survival translated to estimated half-lives of 10.3 years among nonsensitized recipients versus 7.8 years among sensitized recipients, In multivariable Cox models, allosensitization was independently associated with patient death (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.04-1.43) and overall kidney graft loss (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.00-1.36). Conclusions. These results suggest a negative impact of presensitization on patient and overall renal allograft survival in CLK. Accordingly, presensitization may need to be considered in risk stratification and clinical management of CLK.