Journal
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Volume 4, Issue 12, Pages 1463-1471Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0104
Keywords
Kidney; Progenitor cells; Stem cell culture; Self-renewal; Differentiation; Embryonic stem cells; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Stem/progenitor cell
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Funding
- European Union through the International Training Network (ITN) Project Nephrotools
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as progressive kidney damage and a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate, can progress to end-stage renal failure (CKD5), in which kidney function is completely lost. CKD5 requires dialysis or kidney transplantation, which is limited by the shortage of donor organs. The incidence of CKD5 is increasing annually in the Western world, stimulating an urgent need for new therapies to repair injured kidneys. Many efforts are directed toward regenerative medicine, in particular using stem cells to replace nephrons lost during progression to CKD5. In the present review, we provide an overview of the native nephrogenic niche, describing the complex signals that allow survival and maintenance of undifferentiated renal stem/progenitor cells and the stimuli that promote differentiation. Recapitulating in vitro what normally happens in vivo will be beneficial to guide amplification and direct differentiation of stem cells toward functional renal cells for nephron regeneration.
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