Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xin Jin, Zhen Wang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Hui Wu, Yuhua Ruan, Chen Zhang, Ruihua Kang, Hui Xing, Jie Lou
Summary: The study suggests that in China, incorporating different intervention strategies (treatment rate reaching 90%, treatment success rate reaching 90%) can significantly reduce both the HIV infection rate and drug resistance rate.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Armstrong Dzomba, Hae-Young Kim, Andrew Tomita, Alain Vandormael, Kaymarlin Govender, Frank Tanser
Summary: South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV globally, and internal labour migration is a major driver of the regional epidemic. A study in rural KwaZulu-Natal Province examined the levels, trends, and predictors of migration. The study found that migration rates declined from 2005 to 2008 and peaked in 2012. Young individuals aged 20-24 had a higher risk of migration. The risk of migration decreased as community antiretroviral therapy coverage increased.
Article
Surgery
Sarah J. Kizilbash, Michael D. Evans, Srinath Chinnakotla, Blanche M. Chavers
Summary: The study found that in pediatric kidney transplants, outcomes differ between ECD and high KDPI transplants. ECD transplants carry a higher risk of graft failure, while high KDPI transplants offer a survival benefit.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Jennifer S. Lee, Elizabeth A. Humes, Brenna C. Hogan, Kate Buchacz, Joseph J. Eron, M. John Gill, Timothy R. Sterling, Peter F. Rebeiro, Viviane Dias Lima, Angel Mayor, Michael J. Silverberg, Michael A. Horberg, Richard D. Moore, Keri N. Althoff
Summary: From 2005 to 2018, among 32013 adults with HIV entering care, the median time to ART prescription decreased significantly, while the CD4 count also increased.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Nga T. Q. Nguyen, Aisling E. E. Courtney, Hoa Q. Q. Nguyen, Michael Quinn, Alexander P. P. Maxwell, Ciaran O'Neill
Summary: This study aimed to assign expanded criteria and non-expanded criteria donation status and examine early clinical and economic outcomes among expanded criteria and non-expanded criteria living kidney donor (LKD) hospitalizations in the US.
JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cassie Weyland, Gayatri Mirani, Susan L. Gillespie, Mary E. Paul
Summary: Thanks to antiretroviral drugs and routine perinatal prophylaxis, perinatal transmission of HIV is very low in developed countries. However, this case highlights the possibility of perinatal transmission of resistance mutations and calls for further investigation into using genotype for neonatal prophylaxis in the presence of maternal HIV drug resistance.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Wei Li A. Koay, Jiaqi Zhang, Krishna Manepalli, Caleb J. Griffith, Amanda D. Castel, Rachel K. Scott, Kathleen T. Ferrer, Natella Y. Rakhmanina
Summary: In a high HIV prevalence area in the US, a large proportion of low-risk HIV-exposed infants received intrapartum zidovudine and were delivered via cesarean section. Missed opportunities for the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission were also observed.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jennifer A. White, Fengting Wu, Saif Yasin, Milica Moskovljevic, Joseph Varriale, Filippo Dragoni, Angelica Camilo-Contreras, Jiayi Duan, Mei Y. Zheng, Ndeh F. Tadzong, Heer B. Patel, Jeanelle Mae C. Quiambao, Kyle Rhodehouse, Hao Zhang, Jun Lai, Subul A. Beg, Michael Delannoy, Christin Kilcrease, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Sebastien Poulin, Frederic Chano, Cecile Tremblay, Jerald Cherian, Patricia Barditch-Crovo, Natasha Chida, Richard D. Moore, Michael F. Summers, Robert F. Siliciano, Janet D. Siliciano, Francesco R. Simonetti
Summary: This study found that proviruses with 5'-leader defects in CD4+ T cell clones can cause persistent nonsuppressible viremia (NSV) in HIV-1 patients, which may complicate ART management.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Virology
Maria E. Cilento, Xin Wen, Aaron B. Reeve, Obiaara B. Ukah, Alexa A. Snyder, Ciro M. Carrillo, Cole P. Smith, Kristin Edwards, Claudia C. Wahoski, Deborah R. Kitzler, Eiichi N. Kodama, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Michael A. Parniak, Philip R. Tedbury, Stefan G. Sarafianos
Summary: TDF and ISL are highly potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with different resistance profiles. This study found that ISL is sensitive to the K65R mutation, while TDF is sensitive to the M184V mutation. The sensitivity to these drugs also varies among different HIV subtypes, and the S68G polymorphism may enhance the fitness of drug-resistant mutants in certain genetic backgrounds.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Hui Xing, Yuhua Ruan, Lingjie Liao, Yingming Shao
Summary: This paper reviews the prevalence of resistance to HIV reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors in the HIV-infected population receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China, as well as the population that stopped ART in recent years. Drug resistance is an important factor affecting the mortality of AIDS patients. It is crucial to understand the prevalence and types of drug-resistant strains and their impact on overall AIDS prevention and treatment, especially with the expansion of ART and the widespread use of preventive drugs.
INFECTIOUS MICROBES & DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Hugh C. Welles, Hannah A. D. King, Leonard Nettey, Nicole Cavett, Jason Gorman, Tongqing Zhou, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Renguang Du, Kaimei Song, Richard Nguyen, David Ambrozak, Amy Ransier, Chaim A. Schramm, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Adrienne E. Swanstrom, James A. Hoxie, Celia LaBranche, David C. Montefiori, Daniel C. Douek, Peter D. Kwong, John R. Mascola, Mario Roederer, Rosemarie D. Mason
Summary: The study identified multiple rhesus-derived SIV broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of neutralizing most isolates of SIV. These antibodies target unique epitopes and demonstrate the ability to achieve near complete neutralization of highly resistant SIV strains.
Article
Microbiology
Victoria J. Chalker, Martin G. Sharratt, Christopher L. Rees, Oliver H. Bell, Edward Portal, Ktrsty Sands, Matthew S. Payne, Lucy C. Jones, Owen B. Spiller
Summary: Mycoplasma hominis is inherently resistant to most antimicrobials due to its minimal genome and absence of bacterial cell wall, although it can cause septic arthritis in immunodeficient patients and transplant failure. Research showed that while many strains of M. hominis are susceptible to antibiotics, some strains exhibit resistance mechanisms that need to be monitored and addressed through more therapeutic options.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca L. Lindsey, Arjun Prasad, Michael Feldgarden, Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona, Curtis Kapsak, William Klimke, Angela Melton-Celsa, Peyton Smith, Alexandre Souvorov, Jenny Truong, Flemming Scheutz
Summary: Sharing genome sequences allows for the detection of novel gene subtypes and the development of improved detection methods. In this study, publicly available WGS data was used to identify a new Stx subtype in E. coli strains isolated in the USA, as well as other Stx2 subtypes. Analysis of the genome sequences and phage insertion sites revealed variability among different subtypes and their toxicity to cells.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kunchok Dorjee, Manisha Desai, Tsering Choden, Sanjiv M. Baxi, Alan E. Hubbard, Arthur L. Reingold
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between antiretroviral drug combinations and cardiovascular disease risk, finding that abacavir-lamivudine-darunavir, abacavir-lamivudine-atazanavir, and tenofovir-emtricitabine-raltegravir were associated with an elevated risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), while tenofovir-emtricitabine-efavirenz was associated with a lower risk. The results suggest potential added risk from darunavir in the combination therapy.
AIDS RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ceejay L. Boyce, Ingrid A. Beck, Sheila M. Styrchak, Samantha R. Hardy, Jackson J. Wallner, Ross S. Milne, R. Leavitt Morrison, David E. Shapiro, Esau C. Joao, Mark H. Mirochnick, Lisa M. Frenkel
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) with minority frequency variants on antiretroviral treatment (ART) suppression in ART-naive pregnant women. The results showed that PDR was infrequently observed and did not significantly affect ART suppression at term. Instead, higher pretreatment plasma HIV RNA levels, efavirenz-based ART, and shorter duration of ART were associated with non-suppression.