Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhengrui Xiao, Irina Murakhovskaya
Summary: AIHA is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of red blood cells mediated by autoantibodies, presenting challenges in treatment. Traditional first-line therapies have associated adverse effects and treatment failures, with high rates of relapse. Some patients are refractory to available treatments, leading to the importance of novel therapies.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Celeste Fatone, Lorenzo Cirasino
Summary: This article provides a practical guide for the therapy of autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHA) and discusses the different treatment approaches for primary warm AIHA and AIHA from cold agglutinin disease (AIHA from CAD). The article emphasizes the importance of identifying the type of antibody involved in the disease and excluding a secondary form. Rituximab is highlighted as a central treatment for primary warm AIHA and AIHA from CAD.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Wilma Barcellini, Juri Alessandro Giannotta, Bruno Fattizzo
Summary: This study describes the clinical course of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) followed at a reference center in Northern Italy, showing a slightly higher frequency of COVID-19 pneumonia in these patients compared to the general population but with favorable outcomes and apparently no detrimental effects of previous/current immunomodulatory treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Bruno Fattizzo, Raffaella Pasquale, Valentina Bellani, Wilma Barcellini, Austin G. Kulasekararaj
Summary: The complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and complement activation is actively being investigated, with exacerbations of complement-mediated diseases occurring during COVID-19 infection. Hemolytic episodes in conditions like PNH, AIHA, CAD, and HUS may benefit from complement inhibitors. Severe hemolytic exacerbations during COVID-19 infection may require greater therapeutic intervention compared to those after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, highlighting the importance of vaccination in this patient population. Treatment choices should be based on the severity of hemolysis and COVID-19 infection, with options including transfusions, complement inhibitors, steroids, rituximab, plasma exchange, hemodialysis, and anti-thrombotic prophylaxis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Abdelwahab Jalal Eldin, Roshni Thomas, Gary Gibson, Davis Abongwa, Israa Hassan, Mpey K. Tabot Tabot, Gagan Singh, Ravi Sarma
Summary: This is a case of secondary cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia in a 23-year-old female. It highlights the importance of considering secondary cAHA in patients with cold symptoms or unexplained hemolysis.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Angela Guenther, Anne Tierens, Agnieszka Malecka, Jan Delabie
Summary: Primary cold agglutinin disease is a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by circulating antibodies against I antigen. It has been recognized as a distinct B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and has been included in the most recent classifications of mature B-cell neoplasms.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Aikaterini Voulgaridou, Theodosia A. Kalfa
Summary: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disease in children that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Warm AIHA and cold agglutinin syndrome caused by cold-reactive antibodies are common types, and further evaluation is needed for cases with negative DAT results. w-AIHA in children is often secondary to underlying immune dysregulation syndromes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xin Zhang, Bi-xia Gao, Cui-yan Guo, Tao Su
Summary: This case report highlights a life-threatening recurrence of complement-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by ICIs in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. The patient also experienced other organ injuries, emphasizing the need to carefully consider the expected efficacy and potential toxicity before initiating ICIs therapy.
Article
Immunology
Sigbjorn Berentsen, Wilma Barcellini, Shirley D'Sa, Bernd Jilma
Summary: Sutimlimab, the first complement inhibitor to be extensively studied in cold agglutinin disease, has shown high response rates with low toxicity. The drug appears highly useful in severely anemic patients and in those in whom chemoimmunotherapy is contraindicated or has failed. The choice of therapy in cold agglutinin disease should be individualized.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fadi Aldaghlawi, Alaa Shammah, Ebenezer Kio
Summary: This case highlights the importance of promptly and comprehensively investigating anemia and myositis in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as early recognition of uncommon complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Asim Haider, Fareeha Alavi, Ayesha Siddiqa, Muhammad Owais, Muzammil Khan
Summary: Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a type of hemolytic anemia characterized by the agglutination of red blood cells in cold areas of the body. It can be secondary to viral infections, autoimmune disorders, or lymphoid malignancy, known as secondary cold agglutinin syndrome, or occur without underlying disorders, known as primary CAD. We present a case of primary CAD in a 71-year-old female who was successfully treated with prednisone.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Edit Porpaczy, Ulrich Jaeger
Summary: Autoimmune conditions can be associated with malignant lymphoma, and treatment depends on the predominant disease. Steroids and anti-CD20 antibodies are effective against both conditions. Screening for underlying autoimmune conditions is important to guide treatment choices.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Asra Amelirad, Parisa Modaresi, Hassan Soltani
Summary: This article reports a rare phenomenon of erythrophagocytosis by neutrophils in the peripheral blood smear of a 56-year-old male patient with concurrent myelodysplastic syndrome and cold agglutinin disease.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Deepti Mutreja, Gourang Paliwal, Vishal Mangal, Amit K. Biswas
Summary: This report discusses a rare case of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The patient, an elderly male, had previously been diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia but showed no response to therapy. Examination revealed symptoms such as red cell agglutination, thrombocytopenia, and an increase in blasts.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Hematology
Marta Bortolotti, Wilma Barcellini, Bruno Fattizzo
Summary: In the last decade, there has been a shift in the treatment approach for complement-mediated hemolytic disorders, focusing on complement-targeted therapies. This has led to improved disease management and quality of life. Novel therapies, such as C5 inhibitors, C3 inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are being actively investigated and show promising results.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)