Review
Microbiology
Rodney D. Adam
Summary: Giardia duodenalis, initially observed by Leeuwenhoek in 1681, gained attention as a human pathogen in the 1960s. Advances in technology have provided insights into its biology and immunology, revealing the importance of a balanced host immune response and the role of the Th17 response. Infection with Giardia can result in a wide range of symptoms, highlighting the complexity of host-parasite interactions.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Felipe Romano, Maria Anete Lallo
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of single-dose nitazoxanide for dogs naturally infected by Giardia duodenalis. The results showed that nitazoxanide was effective for canine giardiasis, making it a possible option for dogs with relapses and poor response to conventional drugs.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rodrigo Quezada-Lazaro, Yessica Vazquez-Cobix, Rocio Fonseca-Linan, Porfirio Nava, Daniel Dimitri Hernandez-Cueto, Carlos Cedillo-Pelaez, Yolanda Lopez-Vidal, Sara Huerta-Yepez, M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
Summary: In giardiasis, the pathogenesis is still not fully understood, but research suggests that a cysteine protease of Giardia duodenalis, called giardipain-1, plays a crucial role in the development of the disease, inducing apoptosis and extrusion of epithelial cells, as well as causing intestinal epithelial damage and inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Salem Belkessa, Daniel Thomas-Lopez, Karim Houali, Farida Ghalmi, Christen Rune Stensvold
Summary: The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa is not well understood. A study conducted in Algeria found that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia, and tpi genotyping can discriminate between Assemblage A and B with differing genetic diversity. Both Assemblages A and B were common and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.
Review
Parasitology
Weilong Cai, Una Ryan, Lihua Xiao, Yaoyu Feng
Summary: Recent data suggests that humans are primarily infected with Giardia duodenalis assemblages A and B, while host-adapted assemblages are common in animals, indicating that zoonotic giardiasis may be less common and mostly related to contact with a small number of animal species. Future studies should focus on advanced genetic characterization of isolates from humans and animals living in the same household or community to better understand zoonotic transmission of G. duodenalis in different environmental and socioeconomic settings.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Nawal Hijjawi, Alizera Zahedi, Mohammed Al-Falah, Una Ryan
Summary: This review examines the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Middle East Countries and North Africa (MENA region). The study found that both anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium occur in the region, while Giardia duodenalis is mainly transmitted through human and animal contact. However, there is a significant knowledge gap in the typing studies of Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis in water and food sources in the MENA region.
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Farzad Mahdavi, Morteza Shams, Alireza Sadrebazzaz, Laya Shamsi, Mostafa Omidian, Ali Asghari, Soheil Hassanipour, Amir Masoud Salemi
Summary: This review explores the prevalence and risk factors of giardiasis in HIV/AIDS patients, indicating that diarrhea is a significant risk factor and patients without ART treatment are more susceptible to G. duodenalis infection.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Deiviane A. Calegar, Beatriz C. Nunes, Kerla J. L. Monteiro, Polyanna A. A. Bacelar, Brenda B. C. Evangelista, Mayron M. Almeida, Jurecir Silva, Jessica P. Santos, Marcio N. Boia, Lauren H. Jaeger, Filipe A. Carvalho-Costa
Summary: Subclinical giardiasis is endemic in Brazilian communities in different biogeographic regions, showing high genetic diversity and heterogeneous genotypic distribution.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Fu-Rong Zhao, Ning Zhang, Wen-Yuan Miao, Ran Wu, Lin-Lin Cui, Cui-Qin Huang, Dong-Hui Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in pigs in Fujian Province, China. The findings revealed that the pigs in Fujian Province mainly carried the E genotype of G. duodenalis, and highlighted the potential zoonotic risk of G. duodenalis infection from pigs to humans in this area.
Review
Immunology
Suthinee Sangkanu, Alok K. K. Paul, Julalak Chuprom, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Rachasak Boonhok, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira, Polrat Wilairatana, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Christophe Wiart, Muhammad Nawaz, Chea Sin, Sunil Kayesth, Veeranoot Nissapatorn
Summary: Giardia infection can cause diarrhea and is the third most common cause of diarrhea and death in children under five. Antimicrobial drugs are commonly used to treat giardiasis, but vaccination may be a potential means of control and protection against this parasitic disease outbreak.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xingang Yu, Hongcai Wang, Yilong Li, Xuanru Mu, Kaijian Yuan, Anfeng Wu, Jianchao Guo, Yang Hong, Haoji Zhang
Summary: The occurrence of Blastocystis spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Giardia duodenalis infections in Leizhou black goats in China was reported. The study found that Blastocystis spp., E. bieneusi, and G. duodenalis infections were common in Leizhou black goats, and they carried zoonotic genotypes, indicating a potential risk of zoonotic transmission.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Muyideen K. K. Tijani, Pamela C. C. Koster, Isabel Guadano-Procesi, Imo S. S. George, Elizabeth Abodunrin, Adedamola Adeola, Alejandro Dashti, Begona Bailo, David Gonzalez-Barrio, David Carmena
Summary: This study in Ibadan, Nigeria, examines the occurrence and molecular diversity of G. duodenalis and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children. G. duodenalis was found to be the most prevalent parasite, followed by Entamoeba spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, and Taenia sp. Most of the G. duodenalis positive samples were confirmed using qPCR and genotyped as assemblage B, indicating human transmission.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Piotr Solarczyk, Miroslawa Dabert, Alain C. Frantz, Natalia Osten-Sacken, Artur Trzebny, Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera, Mike Heddergott
Summary: The study in Germany and Luxembourg revealed that raccoons carry a zoonotic genotype of Giardia duodenalis, posing a threat to public health in Europe and other regions where this species is common and lives in close association with humans.
ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Isabel Guadano Procesi, Azzurra Carnio, Federica Berrilli, Margherita Montalbano Di Filippo, Alessia Scarito, Cristina Amoruso, Marco Barni, Marco Ruffini, Giulia Barlozzari, Manuela Scarpulla, Claudio De Liberato
Summary: The study detected and analyzed the genetic characteristics of G. duodenalis in colony stray cats in central Italy, revealing a surprisingly high prevalence of 35.3% in cats, with all positive cats being infected with zoonotic assemblages/sub-assemblages. This suggests that stray cats may serve as a possible source of human giardiasis and emphasizes the importance of cat colonies in the study area in terms of public health.
ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ozlem Orunc Kilinc, Adnan Ayan, Burcak Aslan Celik, Ozgur Yasar Celik, Nazmi Yuksek, Gurkan Akyildiz, Fatma Ertas Oguz
Summary: This study investigated the molecular characterization of G. duodenalis in buffaloes in the Van region in Turkiye. The results showed that buffaloes are an important reservoir for waterborne and foodborne giardiasis, with assemblage E and assemblage B isolates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefania Perrucci, Gianluca Fichi, Enrica Ricci, Livio Galosi, Marco Lalle, Giacomo Rossi
Editorial Material
Parasitology
Marco Lalle, Alex Grinberg, Guadalupe Ortega Pierres
EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Parasitology
Loic Durand, Stephanie La Carbona, Alain Geffard, Alessia Possenti, Jitender P. Dubey, Marco Lalle
EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Sofia Moyano, Juliana Musso, Constanza Feliziani, Nahuel Zamponi, Lorena Soledad Frontera, Andrea Silvana Ropolo, Adriana Lanfredi-Rangel, Marco Lalle, Maria Touz
Article
Parasitology
Gunita Deksne, Marco Lalle, Kristin Elwin, Gereon Schares, Karin Troell
EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rachel M. Chalmers, Lucy J. Robertson, Pierre Dorny, Suzanne Jordan, Age Karssin, Frank Katzer, Stephanie La Carbona, Marco Lalle, Brian Lassen, Ivona Mladineo, Miroslaw Rozycki, Ewa Bilska-Zajac, Gereon Schares, Anne Mayer-Scholl, Chiara Trevisan, Kristoffer Tysnes, Sasa Vasilev, Christian Klotz
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Parasitology
Lucy J. Robertson, Marco Lalle, Peter Paulsen
EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Virology
Paul Barrow, Jean Claude Dujardin, Nicolas Fasel, Alex D. Greenwood, Klaus Osterrieder, George Lomonossoff, Pier Luigi Fiori, Robert Atterbury, Matteo Rossi, Marco Lalle
Review
Microbiology
Iva Slana, Nadja Bier, Barbora Bartosova, Gianluca Marucci, Alessia Possenti, Anne Mayer-Scholl, Pikka Jokelainen, Marco Lalle
Summary: This study reviewed methods for detecting T. gondii oocyst contamination in fresh produce, finding that procedures typically involved washing, centrifugation, and DNA extraction. qPCR targeting the B1 gene or the 529 bp repetitive element was identified as the most suitable detection method.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Catherine Cazeaux, Marco Lalle, Loic Durand, Dominique Aubert, Loic Favennec, Jitender P. Dubey, Alain Geffard, Isabelle Villena, Stephanie La Carbona
Summary: The study characterized the performance criteria of real-time qPCR based-methods for detecting three protozoan parasites in mussel tissues through spiking experiments. Different processing methods significantly affected the detection results, with direct DNA recovery from concentrated hemolymph showing lower efficiency in detecting the protozoa.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gianluca Marucci, Ilaria Zullino, Lucia Bertuccini, Serena Camerini, Serena Cecchetti, Agostina Pietrantoni, Marialuisa Casella, Paolo Vatta, Alex D. Greenwood, Annarita Fiorillo, Marco Lalle
Summary: This study conducted high-throughput sequencing of four GLV strains from Giardia isolates of human and animal origin, and identified a new, unclassified viral sequence unrelated to Giardiavirus. The experimental results challenge the current knowledge on GLV, revealing the presence of at least two GLV subtypes with different phenotypes and transmissibility.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Giulia Siciliano, Veronica Di Paolo, Dante Rotili, Rossella Migale, Francesca Pedini, Marialuisa Casella, Serena Camerini, Daniele Dalzoppo, Rob Henderson, Tonnie Huijs, Koen J. Dechering, Antonello Mai, Anna Maria Caccuri, Marco Lalle, Luigi Quintieri, Pietro Alano
Summary: This work investigates the activity of NBDHEX and its carboxylic acid metabolite on the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. NBDHEX shows strong activity against all blood stages of the parasite, with a higher potency against the gametocytes. Covalent modifications of gametocyte proteins are found to be associated with the antiparasitic effect of NBDHEX. Both NBDHEX and its metabolite have limited cytotoxicity in vitro, making them potential starting points for the development of new drugs to block malaria transmission.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rachel M. Chalmers, Frank Katzer, Stephanie La Carbona, Marco Lalle, Romy Razakandrainibe, Lucy J. Robertson, Guy Robinson, Barbara Soba, Tamirat Temesgen, Anne Mayer-Scholl
Summary: Protozoan parasites have become a significant concern for public health and the food industry, particularly in relation to fresh produce and berries. Current detection methods, such as microscopy, lack standardized protocols and validation data, hindering efforts to understand and report parasite occurrences accurately. The development of guidance for artificial contamination studies and the potential for molecular detection offer promising avenues for improving method consistency and food safety.
Article
Microbiology
Nadia Maria Lopez Urena, Umer Chaudhry, Rafael Calero Bernal, Santiago Cano Alsua, Davide Messina, Francisco Evangelista, Martha Betson, Marco Lalle, Pikka Jokelainen, Luis Miguel Ortega Mora, Gema Alvarez Garcia
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and found that Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were present in various matrices worldwide. The detection rates and sample heterogeneity were influenced by multiple factors. Harmonized detection methods are needed to obtain reliable and comparable results.
Article
Parasitology
E. Mercken, I Van Damme, B. Soba, S. Vangeenberghe, A. Serradell, J. P. L. Lumain, T. De Sterck, M. Lalle, S. Gabriel
Summary: This study investigated the presence of Anisakidae in cod belly flaps sold at retail level in Belgium. It found that 18% of individual cod samples were infected, primarily with Pseudoterranova spp. infections, followed by Anisakis spp. Co-infections accounted for 8%, with a low positivity rate. While a second candling step could help reduce consumer risk, additional measures are necessary to detect the majority of infections that would remain undetected.
FOOD AND WATERBORNE PARASITOLOGY
(2021)
