Journal
TRAFFIC
Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 613-621Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/tra.12043
Keywords
cotranslational targeting; posttranslational targeting; signal-anchored proteins; tail-anchored proteins; protein targeting; ER; endosymbiotic organelles; chloroplasts; mitochondria; signal peptide; transit peptide; AKR2
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Funding
- World Class University Project [R31-2008-000-10105]
- National Research Foundation [20120001015]
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center (ABC) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Korea)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2008-0060546, 2011-0031340, 2010-0029720] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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In eukaryotic cells consisting of many different types of organelles, targeting of organellar proteins is one of the most fundamental cellular processes. Proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), chloroplasts and mitochondria are targeted individually from the cytosol to their cognate organelles. As the targeting to these organelles occurs in the cytosol during or after translation, the most crucial aspect is how specific targeting to these three organelles can be achieved without interfering with other targeting pathways. For these organelles, multiple mechanisms are used for targeting proteins, but the exact mechanism used depends on the type of protein and organelle, the location of targeting signals in the protein and the location of the protein in the organelle. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms involved in protein targeting to the ER, chloroplasts and mitochondria, and how the targeting specificity is determined for these organelles in plant cells.
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