Journal
TOXICON
Volume 59, Issue 7-8, Pages 680-695Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.02.012
Keywords
Shrew; Vampire bat; Solenodon; Mole; Platypus; Loris; Venom components; Toxic effects
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Funding
- CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico)
- CAPES (Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior)
- FAPERGS (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul)
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The occurrence of venom in mammals has long been considered of minor importance, but recent fossil discoveries and advances in experimental techniques have cast new light into this subject. Mammalian venoms form a heterogeneous group having different compositions and modes of action and are present in three classes of mammals, Insectivora, Monotremata, and Chiroptera. A fourth order, Primates, is proposed to have venomous representatives. In this review we highlight recent advances in the field while summarizing biochemical characteristics of these secretions and their effects upon humans and other animals. Historical aspects of venom discovery and evolutionary hypothesis regarding their origin are also discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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