News Item
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Eric Vincent
Summary: The structure of disordered materials usually ages but can also rejuvenate, leading to interesting memory properties. Recent progress in numerical simulations of spin glasses has allowed for the replication of such phenomena using simplified models.
Review
Immunology
Han Wu, Fei Wang, Dongdong Tang, Daishu Han
Summary: Mumps orchitis, caused by the mumps virus, commonly affects young adult men and leads to testis pain and swelling. Vaccination has been effective in reducing mumps incidence, but recent studies have highlighted the threat of outbreaks and high rates of orchitis on male fertility.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Arieh Schwartz
Summary: Dretske argues for the distinction between sensory awareness and awareness of facts about objects. This article extends the argument to propose the concept of simple remembering, which is a conscious form of memory that precedes beliefs.
Article
Immunology
Josien Lanfermeijer, Marieke M. Nuehn, Maarten E. Emmelot, Martien C. M. Poelen, Cecile A. C. M. van Els, Jose A. M. Borghans, Debbie van Baarle, Patricia Kaaijk, Jelle de Wit
Summary: Decrease in MuV-specific humoral response after vaccination may contribute to recent mumps outbreaks, but CD8(+) T cells could play a key role in the immune response against MuV. The frequency of MuV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the blood declines within 9 months post-infection, although the TCR beta analysis reveals a stable MuV-specific T-cell repertoire over time.
Editorial Material
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Michael Berry
Summary: This article is about my remarks at the conference in memory of Fritz Haake held in Bad Honnef in September 2021.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2022)
Review
Psychology
Gyorgy Buzsaki, Sam McKenzie, Lila Davachi
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of memory in defining one's sense of identity and explores different research methods and limitations in studying memory in humans and other animals. It proposes a new brain-based understanding of declarative memory, focusing on hippocampal physiology. The article also discusses the common physiological mechanisms of navigation in real and mental spacetime and presents the distinguishing features of different types of memory. Finally, it hypothesizes that neuronal networks have a reservoir of neural trajectories and the challenge for the brain is to select and match preexisting neuronal trajectories with events in the world.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Megumi Hara, Rie Koshida, Takashi Nakano
Summary: The study found that the mumps vaccination rate was 55.6%, with the most common reason for parents not vaccinating their children being that it is not a routine vaccine. Factors influencing mumps vaccination among parents included knowledge of adverse reaction types, sources of vaccination recommendations, reading vaccination guidelines, previous experience with other voluntary vaccines or gastroenteritis treatment, and having a deep understanding of vaccination.
Article
Microbiology
Fumihiro Kato, Yuichiro Nakatsu, Keiko Murano, Aika Wakata, Toru Kubota, Takayuki Hishiki, Toshiyuki Yamaji, Minoru Kidokoro, Hiroshi Katoh, Makoto Takeda
Summary: Efforts to discover antiviral drug candidates against the mumps virus (MuV) continue, with a recent study showing that the retinoid acid receptor agonist CD437 exhibits anti-MuV activity by targeting a late step in the virus's life cycle. CD437 also inhibits replication of other paramyxoviruses and does not require induction of the retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I for its antiviral activity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Andre Sant'Anna
Summary: This paper discusses the (dis)continuism debate in contemporary philosophy of memory, specifically whether remembering is a form of constructive imagining. The author argues that remembering is not constructive imagining because the constructive processes in remembering and imagining are constrained and controlled in different ways at the level of consciousness. The author emphasizes that the interventions we can make on the constructive processes differ between remembering and imagining, supporting a form of discontinuism.
Article
Virology
Deirdre Jane Foley, Anna Rose Connell, Gabriel Gonzalez, Jeff Connell, Timothy Ronan Leahy, Cillian De Gascun, Jaythoon Hassan
Summary: Despite the widespread use of the mumps vaccine, outbreaks still occur in highly vaccinated populations. This study found that mumps cases had higher levels of mumps-specific antibodies compared to controls, but the levels decreased with age. The antigenic differences between the vaccine strain and circulating mumps viruses may decrease the cross-neutralization capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies, potentially leading to breakthrough infections.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaojie Zhang, Sindhuja Sridhran, Levgeniia Zagoriy, Christina Eugster Oegema, Cyan Ching, Tim Pflaesterer, Herman K. H. Fung, Isabelle Becher, Ina Poser, Christoph W. Mueller, Anthony A. Hyman, Mikhil M. Savilski, Julia Mahamid
Summary: Researchers have discovered that cellular stress can disrupt the equilibrium of persistent infection and induce replication of the mumps virus. They found that persistent viral replication factories are dynamic condensates and identified the viral phosphoprotein as a key driver in their assembly. Under stress, phosphorylation of the phosphoprotein at its interaction interface with the viral polymerase increases, leading to the formation of a stable replication complex. By obtaining atomic models for the authentic mumps virus nucleocapsid, the researchers elucidated a concomitant conformational change that exposes the viral genome to its replication machinery. These events represent a stress-mediated switch within viral condensates that support increased viral replication.
Article
Biology
Roger Johansson, Marcus Nystroem, Richard Dewhurst, Mikael Johansson
Summary: When recalling visual memories, our eyes repeat the same sequential eye movements as during the original encounter. These eye movements serve as self-generated cues, helping us recreate visuospatial relations during episodic remembering. The fidelity of these eye movements predicts the quality of the recalled memory. These findings provide direct evidence for the role of eye movements in memory and suggest that different properties of eye movements contribute differently to goal-relevant memories.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tadanobu Takahashi, Yuuki Kurebayashi, Kazumasa Tani, Mika Yamazaki, Akira Minami, Hideyuki Takeuchi
Summary: Research has shown that catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess antiviral effects against mumps virus infection. Unlike influenza viruses, catechins inhibit viral fusion activity rather than receptor binding and sialidase activities in mumps virus. This suggests that catechins could be a valuable food-derived antiviral agent against mumps virus.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Leah Shepersky, Mona Marin, John Zhang, Huong Pham, Mariel A. Marlow
Summary: Despite a >99% reduction in US mumps cases after the introduction of mumps vaccine in 1967, outbreaks involving vaccinated children and adolescents have occurred since 2006. Most pediatric cases reported from 2007-2019 had previously received MMR vaccine. During 2015-2019, a significant proportion of pediatric cases were associated with international travel.
Review
Virology
Jasmine Rae Frost, Saba Shaikh, Alberto Severini
Summary: Several studies have examined amino acid variations between circulating wild-type mumps strains and vaccine strains, focusing on the HN and F mumps surface glycoproteins. These variations may have potential effects on viral infection and immune responses.