Journal
TOXICON
Volume 52, Issue 6, Pages 687-694Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.07.018
Keywords
ALT-C; Muscle regeneration; Cryolesion; VEGF; MyoD; MMP-2
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Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), SP, Brazil [05/04413-1, 05/5474-3, 04/06986-6]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [05/04413-1] Funding Source: FAPESP
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This study evaluated the effects of alternagin-C (ALT-C) on mRNA levels of VEGF, MyoD and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and on activity of MMPs in injured tibialis anterior (TA) muscle induced by cryolesioning in rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats (3 months old, 258.9 +/- 27 g) were divided into five groups: (1) control group; (2) injured TA and analyzed 3 days later; (3) injured TA treated with ALT-C and analyzed 3 days later; (4) injured TA and analyzed 7 days later and (5) injured TA treated with ALT-C and analyzed 7 days later. The injured muscle received 25 mu l of ALT-C (50 nM). The injured and uninjured muscle areas were quantified by light microscopy. The MMP activity was evaluated through zymography, and mRNA of MyoD, VEGF and MMP-2 was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ALT-C neither reduced the muscle injury area nor altered the pattern of MyoD and VEGF expression in injured muscles. However, ALT-C reduces both MMP-2 mRNA and gelatinolytic activity in injured muscles. The study indicates that ALT-C, at the tested concentrations, did not improve muscle regeneration process in rats. The effect on MMP-2 mRNA and gelatinolytic activity suggests that ALT-C changes the overall balance of ECM protein turnover during muscle regeneration. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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