Article
Agronomy
Yunpeng Gai, Qichen Niu, Jinchao Kong, Lei Li, Xingxing Liang, Yuwei Cao, Xianqi Zhou, Xuepeng Sun, Haijie Ma, Mingshuang Wang, Neeraj Shrivastava, Hongye Li, Chen Jiao
Summary: A comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to study the gene expression patterns of Alternaria alternata during infection of citrus. Significant gene expression differences were found between the early and late stages of infection. Several novel genes related to plant-pathogen interaction were identified. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the expression patterns of selected genes from the peroxisome pathway.
Article
Microbiology
Liuqing Wang, Meng Wang, Jian Jiao, Hongmei Liu
Summary: This study investigated the regulatory roles of AaVeA in A. alternata with various light sources. The results showed that AaVeA plays an important role in fungal growth, development, mycotoxin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity in response to different light sources.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nesrine H. Youssef, Sameer H. Qari, Said I. Behiry, Eldessoky S. Dessoky, Ehab I. El-Hallous, Moustafa M. Elshaer, Ahmed Kordy, Viviana Maresca, Ahmed Abdelkhalek, Ahmed A. Heflish
Summary: This study confirmed the impact of Alternaria alternata fungi on potato plants and found that beet extracts have significant effects in inhibiting the production of fungal toxins, especially showing pronounced reduction in TeA and AME.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ke Huang, Jianming Tang, Yong Zou, Xiangcheng Sun, Jianbin Lan, Wei Wang, Panpan Xu, Xiangwei Wu, Rui Ma, Qi Wang, Zhenshuo Wang, Jia Liu
Summary: The strain of Alternaria alternata (Y784-BC03) isolated from Hongyang kiwifruit has been shown to cause black spot infections on fruits. Its genome sequence revealed the presence of 2,180 virulence factors, including genes for non-host-specific toxins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and major transcriptional regulators. Gene clusters encoding genes for the biosynthesis and export of secondary metabolites in Y784-BC03's genome were associated with non-host-specific toxins such as cercosporin, dothistromin, and versicolorin B.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Margarita Perez-Jimenez, Olaya Perez-Tornero
Summary: The study tested four methods to evaluate the sensitivity of mandarin 'Fortune' explants cultured in vitro to Alternaria, and found that adding the A. alternata culture filtrate to the culture media and applying the mycotoxin to wounded leaves produced infection symptoms. This suggests that in addition to mycotoxins, other unknown elements in the culture filtrate might affect plant growth and behavior, making application of the toxin to wounded leaves the most reliable method for analyzing sensitivity to Alternaria.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yuhang Du, Shuna Mi, Huihui Wang, Fangwei Yang, Hang Yu, Yunfei Xie, Yahui Guo, Yuliang Cheng, Weirong Yao
Summary: The research demonstrates that dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD) can effectively control the spoilage and mycotoxin contamination of fresh wolfberries caused by Alternaria alternata (A. alternata). DBD treatment disrupts the cell membrane integrity of A. alternata, oxidizes membrane-associated substances, and increases membrane permeability. It also reduces the mycotoxin content on wolfberries by 62.84%, decreases the decay rate by 30.66%, and improves the firmness, TSS, and DPPH free radical scavenging. DBD proves to be a promising technology for inactivating A. alternata, reducing mycotoxin contamination, and enhancing agricultural product quality.
Article
Microbiology
Celine Yen Ling Choo, Pei-Ching Wu, Jonar I. Yago, Kuang-Ren Chung
Summary: In this study, the researchers discovered a microbody called peroxisomes that are involved in fatty acid and hydrogen peroxide metabolism in eukaryotes. They found that the AaPex3 gene is responsible for peroxisome biogenesis and resistance to peroxides and superoxide-generating compounds. AaPex3 also affects gene expression related to ROS resistance and is involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and various important functions in the phytopathogenic fungus.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kai Chen, Shirley Wang, Qiwei Wilton Sun, Bo Zhang, Mujib Ullah, Zhongjie Sun
Summary: This study investigates the role of Klotho in cardiac aging, revealing that Klotho deficiency causes cardiac aging through impairing the Nrf2-GR pathway. Supplement of exogenous secreted Klotho represents a promising therapeutic strategy for aging-associated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
L. P. Prendes, M. G. Merin, V. G. L. Zachetti, A. Pereyra, M. L. Ramirez, V. Morata de Ambrosini
Summary: Temperature has a significant impact on biocontrol effectiveness against Alternaria alternata growth and mycotoxin production. Among the antagonistic yeasts evaluated, Metschnikowia sp. strains are good candidates for a biofungicide against A. alternata due to their consistent effectiveness at different temperatures.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yingjun Hou, Xinyi Yu, Weiping Chen, Weibing Zhuang, Sanhong Wang, Chao Sun, Lifang Cao, Tingting Zhou, Shenchun Qu
Summary: Our findings indicate that MdWRKY75e enhances resistance to A. alternata infection in apples by regulating the biosynthesis of laccase, increasing lignin biosynthesis, and thickening cell walls mainly via the jasmonic acid pathway. Additionally, pathogenesis-related genes and antioxidant-related enzyme activity are involved in the disease resistance of MdWRKY75e transgenic plants.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yexin Liu, Ritsumi Saito, Naomi Matsukawa, Eiji Hishinuma, Daisuke Saigusa, Hong Liu, Masayuki Yamamoto, Akira Uruno
Summary: This study reveals that the transcription factor Nrf2 plays a critical role in protecting the body against oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic kidney disease. The results demonstrate that Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates the symptoms of diabetic kidney disease, while Nrf2 induction helps alleviate kidney damage.
Article
Cell Biology
Jiale Shi, Min Zhang, Liwen Gao, Qian Yang, Hazem M. Kalaji, Sheng Qiang, Reto Jorg Strasser, Shiguo Chen
Summary: The necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata contains different pathotypes that produce different mycotoxins. The pathotype Ageratina adenophora secretes the non-host-selective toxin tenuazonic acid (TeA), which can cause necrosis in many plants. The study found that TeA-triggered cell death is essential for successful colonization and disease development in host leaves during infection with A. adenophora pathogens.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Liqun Wang, Manyu Zhao, Rui Qian, Mengzhu Wang, Qixue Bao, Xuxi Chen, Wen Du, Ling Zhang, Tinghong Ye, Yongmei Xie, Ben Zhang, Lijun Peng, Yuqin Yao
Summary: In this study, it was found that NMN alleviates silica-induced oxidative stress and lung injury by reducing reactive oxygen species levels, increasing glutathione levels, inhibiting the recruitment of inflammatory cells and inflammatory infiltration, as well as regulating the expression and nuclear translocation of antioxidant genes through the interaction with nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2).
Review
Oncology
Yawen Li, Halahati Tuerxun, Xingyu Liu, Yixin Zhao, Shuhui Wen, Yaping Li, Jingjing Cao, Yuguang Zhao
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of stem cells within cancer cells, responsible for tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Ferroptosis, a promising anti-cancer therapy, targets the unique metabolic characteristics of CSCs, as their growth is more dependent on iron and lipid. The expression of Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key player in redox homeostasis, determines the susceptibility of CSCs to ferroptosis. Targeting Nrf2 to induce ferroptosis provides potential new targets for eliminating aggressive tumors and curing cancer.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
R. B. Felipini, R. A. S. Brito, F. A. Azevedo, N. S. Massola
Summary: This study explored the infection process of Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri tangerine pathotype on citrus genotypes through microscopy and biochemical assays. The results showed that there were no differences in fungus germination, appressorium formation, or entrance of the fungus through the stomata among the three genotypes analyzed, regardless of being susceptible or resistant. Enzymatic activity analysis revealed two different patterns between susceptible and resistant genotypes. The susceptible genotypes showed low increase in SOD and CAT activities and a hypersensitive response, while the resistant genotype showed no H2O2 accumulation and higher SOD and CAT activities.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dominik Braun, Wilfred A. Abia, Bojan Sarkanj, Michael Sulyok, Thomas Waldhoer, Astrid C. Erber, Rudolf Krska, Paul C. Turner, Doris Marko, Chibundu N. Ezekiel, Benedikt Warth
Summary: This study explored the co-exposure of various mycotoxins in mother-infant pairs through innovative LC-MS/MS approaches. While regulated and emerging mycotoxins were frequently detected, particularly ochratoxin A showed moderate associations between milk and urine samples of mothers and infants. Infants were exposed to lower toxin levels compared to their mothers, indicating the protective effect of breastfeeding, though continuous monitoring of chronic low-dose exposure is warranted. Risk management strategies should focus on minimizing early-life exposure to mycotoxin mixtures to safeguard critical developmental stages.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mira Flasch, Christoph Bueschl, Giorgia Del Favero, Gerhard Adam, Rainer Schuhmacher, Doris Marko, Benedikt Warth
Summary: This study utilized stable isotope-assisted metabolomics to investigate the metabolism of two naturally-occurring phyto- and mycoestrogens in a cell model, revealing the abundant xenobiotic biotransformation capability of the cells and the time-dependent increase in most biotransformation products. The untargeted elucidation of biotransformation products formed during cell culture experiments enables a more meaningful interpretation of toxicological assays and has the potential to identify unexpected or unknown metabolites.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Giorgia Del Favero, Georg Aichinger, Julia Hohenbichler, Doris Marko, Chiara Dall'Asta, Luca Dellafiora
Summary: Fusaric acid, a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi, has been described as phytotoxic and cytotoxic, but its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This study used computational and experimental methods to identify fusaric acid's inhibitory effects on protein kinase-A and its potential impact on mitochondrial and cell membrane in intestinal cells.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Maximilian Jobst, Endre Kiss, Christopher Gerner, Doris Marko, Giorgia Del Favero
Summary: Bladder cells have a high adaptive competence to multiple xenobiotics and shear stress, which relies on autophagy-related mechanisms. Bladder cancer cells can readily adapt to chemotherapy through autophagy activation. This study found that enhancement of autophagy with rapamycin reduced cell migration and the mechanical-induced translocation potential of KLF2, accompanied by changes in cytoskeletal elements and mitochondrial loss. Inhibition of SIRT1 restored acetylation levels and cell motility. Targeted metabolic intervention can revert the outcome of autophagy activation.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mariam Hohagen, Patrick Guggenberger, Endre Kiss, Hanspeter Kaehlig, Doris Marko, Giorgia Del Favero, Freddy Kleitz
Summary: In this study, different TANNylation methods were used to modify mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and investigate the impact of this modification on the performance/biocompatibility of these nanocarriers. The activity profiling of intestinal cells showed that the type of chemical linker used for the binding of tannic acid plays a crucial role in driving the biological response. The results highlight the importance of the surface functionality of nanocarriers in influencing cellular behavior.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Toxicology
G. Del Favero, M. Jobst, E. Kiss, D. Marko
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jiawen Lu, Ying Yang, Elisabeth Varga, Doris Marko, Qiang Yu, Jianhua Xie, Chang Li, Yi Chen
Summary: This study used RNA-Seq to screen the MAPK signaling pathway as one of the crucial pathways for PSG-F-2 pretreatment against AA-induced damage in IEC-6 cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence confirmed the RNA-Seq data, and revealed that PSG-F-2 protects intestinal cells from AA-induced damage through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The findings suggest that PSG-F-2 can be used as a daily dietary supplement to protect intestinal cells from thermal processing hazards caused by AA.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Janice Bergen, Martina Karasova, Andrea Bileck, Marc Pignitter, Doris Marko, Christopher Gerner, Giorgia Del Favero
Summary: This study investigates the effects of oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) on both non-transformed human intestinal epithelial cells and colon carcinoma cells. Results show that OA and PA can alter the fluidity and structure of cell membranes, as well as the response to mechanical stimulation, suggesting a novel role for dietary fatty acids in regulating intestinal physiology.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sabine Guth, Matthias Baum, Alexander T. Cartus, Patrick Diel, Karl-Heinz Engel, Barbara Engeli, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Dirk Haller, Volker Heinz, Michael Hellwig, Jan G. Hengstler, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine E. Kulling, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Alfonso Lampen, Marcel Leist, Angela Mally, Doris Marko, Ute Noethlings, Elke Roehrdanz, Angelika Roth, Joachim Spranger, Richard Stadler, Pablo Steinberg, Stefan Vieths, Wim Waetjen, Gerhard Eisenbrand
Summary: This opinion from the SKLM presents arguments for an updated risk assessment of acrylamide (AA) exposure in diet, based on a critical review of relevant scientific evidence. The SKLM concludes that as long as exposure limits for AA are not exceeded, genotoxic effects leading to carcinogenicity are unlikely to occur. Considering the totality of evidence, the SKLM deems it scientifically justified to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI) as a health-based guidance value.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Maria Agustina Pavicich, Marthe De Boevre, Arnau Vidal, Hannes Mikula, Benedikt Warth, Doris Marko, Sarah De Saeger, Andrea Patriarca
Summary: Data on the occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in apple by-products in Argentina is lacking and the risk of exposure to these mycotoxins has not been characterized before. The levels of various mycotoxins were determined in apple juices, marmalades, and apple-based infant food, and the highest risk of exposure was found in children consuming apple infant food. Better control strategies and legislation for Alternaria mycotoxins are needed in Argentina.
EXPOSURE AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Samridhi Satija, Katharina A. Domnanich, Jake A. Bence, Chirag K. Vyas, E. Paige Abel, Chloe Kleinfeldt, Scott Essenmacher, Morgan Kalman, Wesley Walker, John D. Despotopulos, Nicholas D. Scielzo, Jennifer A. Shusterman, Gregory W. Severin
Summary: This article presents a radiochemistry method to recover 88Zr from irradiated tungsten using a heavy-ion beam. The method involves dissolving tungsten foils in hydrogen peroxide, followed by chemical purification of 88Zr from the tungsten matrix and other co-implanted radionuclides using strong cation-exchange chromatographic resin. The procedure yielded 88Zr with no detectable radio-impurities in sulfuric acid solution. The results demonstrate the potential for recovering elements from irradiated tungsten parts.
APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alexander Cartus, Dirk Lachenmeier, Sabine Guth, Angelika Roth, Matthias Baum, Patrick Diel, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Barbara Engeli, Michael Hellwig, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine Kulling, Alfonso Lampen, Doris Marko, Pablo Steinberg, Wim Waetjen, Jan Hengstler, Angela Mally
Summary: The Senate Commission on Food Safety has found that the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring substance in foods may pose health risks due to its genotoxic potential. However, there is a lack of sufficient data to determine its genotoxic effects in vivo after oral exposure. Therefore, the commission recommends reassessing the safety of using acetaldehyde as a food flavoring.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Mycology
Dino Grgic, Barbara Novak, Elisabeth Varga, Doris Marko
Summary: Risk assessment relies mainly on toxicological data of individual substances, lacking information on combined effects. Recent experiments reveal interactive effects of phyto- and mycoestrogens. However, there are limitations and artifacts in the current testing methods for evaluating substance combinations.
MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cornelia Schmutz, Frank Will, Elisabeth Varga, Carola Jaunecker, Gudrun Pahlke, Walter Berger, Doris Marko
Summary: This study investigated the cytotoxic and DNA-damaging properties of anthocyanin-rich extracts from blackberry, bilberry, black currant, and elderberry, as well as their main anthocyanins. The results showed that blackberry extract had potent cytotoxic effects, while the other extracts had minimal effects on cell viability. Single anthocyanins could not induce comparable effects. The study also found that blackberry extract enhanced the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent SN-38 and inhibited cell adhesion, but had no effect on DNA damage.
Article
Toxicology
Georg Aichinger, Gudrun Pahlke, Hannes Puntscher, Julia Groestlinger, Stephanie Grabher, Dominik Braun, Katharina Tillmann, Roberto Plasenzotti, Giorgia Del Favero, Benedikt Warth, Harald Hoeger, Doris Marko
Summary: This study investigated the toxicity of Alternaria mycotoxins, particularly altertoxin II (ATX-II), in vivo using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that ATX-II exhibited genotoxic effects in the colon of the rats, but not in the liver. This is the first report of ATX-II as a genotoxicant in vivo, and the varying effects of ATX-II in a natural Alternaria toxin mixture suggest significant mixture effects.
FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
