Article
Neurosciences
Laura A. Smith, Chun Chen, Nichola Z. Lax, Robert W. Taylor, Daniel Erskine, Robert McFarland
Summary: Refractory epilepsy is the main neurological manifestation of Alpers' syndrome caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase gamma gene (POLG) variants. Astrocytic pathology with decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins and altered expression of key astrocytic proteins is found in the primary visual cortex of Alpers' syndrome patients, suggesting their involvement in disease pathogenesis.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei Yuan, Liaoxun Lu, Muding Rao, Yang Huang, Chun-E Liu, Shuang Liu, Yue Zhao, Huicong Liu, Jiangli Zhu, Tianzhu Chao, Can Wu, Junyan Ren, Luxian Lv, Wenqiang Li, Shiqian Qi, Yinming Liang, Shijing Yue, Jian Gao, Zhongjian Zhang, Eryan Kong
Summary: Palmitoylation and depalmitoylation homeostasis is crucial for proper physiological functions, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). GFAP is readily palmitoylated in vitro and in vivo, with palmitoylated GFAP promoting astrocyte proliferation. PPT1 depalmitoylates GFAP, and elevated levels of palmitoylated GFAP in PPT1-knockin mice may accelerate astrocyte proliferation and contribute to astrogliosis in INCL.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Kjell Heuser, Rune Enger
Summary: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide, with current research focusing on neuronal discharges and the role of astrocytes in releasing signaling substances that interact with neurons. The central role of astrocytic Ca2+ signals in promoting ictogenesis and epileptogenesis is increasingly recognized and studied.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Sun-Nyoung Hwang, Jae Seung Lee, Kain Seo, Hyosang Lee
Summary: Astrocytes, once thought to only provide homeostatic support for neurons, are now known to actively interact with local neural circuits, playing a crucial role in information processing and generating physiological and behavioral responses.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing An, Ruo-Lan Tan, Xiao-Xuan Hu, Zhen-Lu Cai, Mei-Qi Sun, Qian Ge, Wen Ma, Hui-Liang Li, Hai-Xia Lu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a fusion peptide TAT-KIR on the biological behavior of neural stem cells (NSCs) under inflammatory conditions. The results showed that TAT-KIR inhibited the proliferation and astrocytic differentiation of NSCs while promoting neuronal differentiation. This effect was associated with the synchronous inhibition of STAT3 and AKT and the promotion of JNK expression. TAT-KIR could be a promising approach for brain repair by regulating the biological behaviors of exogenous NSCs.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Asmaa F. Khafaga, Ibrahim A. Abdullaziz, Amir H. Abd-Elrahman, Ibrahim I. Elshahawy
Summary: This study investigated the role of GFAP, S100, and APPs in the pathogenesis, clinical and preclinical diagnosis of encephalitic listeriosis in sheep. The results showed that CSF APPs measurement could be useful in preclinical diagnosis, and GFAP and S100 proteins may be involved in listeriosis's pathogenesis. E-cadherin, however, does not appear to play a role in this disease.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Eduardo Lira-Diaz, Maria G. Gonzalez-Pedroza, Clemente Vasquez, Raul A. Morales-Luckie, Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
Summary: This study evaluated the response of astrocytes and microglia cells after intracerebral injection of polyethyleneglycol-coupled gold nanoparticles (PEGylated GNPs). The findings indicate that the glial response was transient and localized mainly to the injection site, suggesting that PEGylated GNPs are well-tolerated by neural tissue. Understanding the effects of GNPs in the adult brain is crucial for designing effective drug delivery systems.
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yi-Chia Wei, Chih-Chin Heather Hsu, Wen-Yi Huang, Chemin Lin, Chih-Ken Chen, Yao-Liang Chen, Pin-Yuan Chen, Yu-Chiau Shyu, Ching-Po Lin
Summary: This study identified multiple modifiable and unmodifiable factors associated with the glymphatic imaging marker. The DTI-ALPS index correlated with various metabolic factors known to increase the risk of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the DTI-ALPS index was associated with renal indices, suggesting a link of water regulation between the two systems. Additionally, the astrocytic biomarker, plasma GFAP, may serve as a potential marker of the glymphatic system, but further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Article
Cell Biology
Ciro De Luca, Assunta Virtuoso, Sohaib Ali Korai, Raffaella Cirillo, Francesca Gargano, Michele Papa, Giovanni Cirillo
Summary: The maladaptive response of the central nervous system following nerve injury is primarily linked to the activation of glial cells that produce an inflammatory reaction and remodeling. Glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) is significantly upregulated in the spinal cord after nerve injury and may play a crucial role in neuroinflammation and morpho-functional-metabolic rewiring. Understanding the maladaptive changes in glial cells could open up new avenues for studying CNS diseases.
Article
Psychiatry
Dominique Endres, Viktoria Lerchenmueller, Kimon Runge, Katharina von Zedtwitz, Kathrin Nickel, Horst Urbach, Katharina Domschke, Harald Pruess, Ludger Tebartz van Elst
Summary: This study presents the first patients with isolated psychiatric syndromes and anti-astrocytic autoantibodies. Using indirect-immunofluorescence, novel anti-astrocytic autoantibodies were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of these patients. One patient showed improvement with glucocorticosteroids, indicating potential treatment options for autoimmune astrocytopathy.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew P. Lennol, Nicholas J. Ashton, Oscar Moreno-Perez, Maria-Salud Garcia-Ayllon, Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon, Mariano Andres, Jose-Manuel Leon-Ramirez, Vicente Boix, Joan Gil, Kaj Blennow, Esperanza Merino, Henrik Zetterberg, Javier Saez-Valero
Summary: Elevated levels of glial and neuronal plasma biomarkers were found in COVID-19 patients without substantial neurological symptoms during the acute phase, indicating central nervous system (CNS) vulnerability. However, these biomarkers failed to predict the occurrence of delayed minor neurological symptoms. Recovery was observed in the normalization of biomarker levels after clinical follow-up.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Almansa, Hector Peinado, Raquel Garcia-Rodriguez, Alvaro Casadome-Perales, Carlos G. Dotti, Francesc X. Guix
Summary: Research showed that EVs from neural cells cultured for 14 days could reduce the reactivity of astrocytes, while EVs from cells cultured for 21 days did not have the same effect. These findings in an in vitro model provide insights for further evaluating potential in vivo effects and underlying mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nelly Kanberg, Joel Simren, Arvid Eden, Lars-Magnus Andersson, Staffan Nilsson, Nicholas J. Ashton, Par-Daniel Sundvall, Bengt Nellgard, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Magnus Gisslen
Summary: Plasma biomarkers of CNS injury were significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 cases during the acute phase but normalized after six months, indicating that neurological sequelae post COVID-19 are not associated with ongoing CNS injury. Despite this normalization, a considerable number of patients reported persistent neurological symptoms, suggesting that additional factors beyond CNS injury biomarkers may contribute to long-term neurological effects of COVID-19.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dayun Feng, Jinpeng Zhou, Haixiao Liu, Xun Wu, Fei Li, Junlong Zhao, Yu Zhang, Lei Wang, Min Chao, Qiang Wang, Huaizhou Qin, Shunnan Ge, Qiang Liu, Jian Zhang, Yan Qu
Summary: This study identified the NDRG2-PPM1A signaling pathway in reactive astrocytes as a key switch for MMP-9 production and provided a novel therapeutic avenue for BBB protection after SAH.
Article
Physiology
Alexander Popov, Nadezda Brazhe, Anna Fedotova, Alisa Tiaglik, Maxim Bychkov, Kseniia Morozova, Alexey Brazhe, Dmitry Aronov, Ekaterina Lyukmanova, Natalia Lazareva, Li Li, Evgeni Ponimaskin, Alexei Verkhratsky, Alexey Semyanov
Summary: High-fat diet can have negative effects on the brain and cognition, but fat and fatty acids are essential for brain tissue. This study found that exposure to high-fat diet led to metabolic and morphological changes in astrocytes, which may contribute to enhanced glutamate clearance and neuronal function, affecting behavior.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hsiao-Chi Chuang, Li-Chen Chen, Yu-Chen Lei, Kuen-Yuh Wu, Po-Hao Feng, Tsun-Jen Cheng
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2015)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hung-Ju Lin, Shu-Ting Chen, Hon-Yen Wu, Hsiu-Ching Hsu, Ming-Fong Chen, Yuan-Teh Lee, Kuen-Yuh Wu, Kuo-Liong Chien
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hsin-Chang Chen, Charlene Wu, Kuen-Yuh Wu
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei-Chun Chou, Chin-Yu Hsu, Chia-Chi Ho, Jui-Hua Hsieh, Hung-Che Chiang, Tsui-Chun Tsou, Yu-Cheng Chen, Pinpin Lin
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Toxicology
Tsui-Chun Tsou, Szu-Ching Yeh, Jhih-Wei Hsu, Feng-Yuan Tsai
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Environmental Sciences
How-Ran Chao, Jhih-Wei Hsu, Hsiu-Ying Ku, Shu-Li Wang, Han-Bin Huang, Saou-Hsing Liou, Tsui-Chun Tsou
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2018)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yi-Chyun Hsu, Danielle E. Que, Yan-You Gou, Tsui-Chun Tsou, Chung-Kun Liu, Yen-Ling Wang, Wen-Che Hou, Yi-Hsien Lin, Wen-Yao Liu, How-Ran Chao, Wen-Jhy Lee
Article
Toxicology
Huai-chih Chiang, Ya-Ting Kuo, Chih-Che Shen, Yi-Hua Lin, Shu-Li Wang, Tsui-Chun Tsou
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Chih-Chun Jean Huang, Chia-Fang Wu, Wei-Chung Shih, Yu-Syuan Luo, Ming-Feng Chen, Chien-Ming Li, Saou-Hsing Liou, Wen-Sheng Chung, Su-Yin Chiang, Kuen-Yuh Wu
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chih-Hsien Wu, Yi-Min Hsiao, Kun-Tu Yeh, Tsui-Chun Tsou, Chih-Yi Chen, Ming-Fang Wu, Jiunn-Liang Ko
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2017)
Article
Toxicology
Jhih-Wei Hsu, Szu-Ching Yeh, Feng-Yuan Tsai, Hsin-Wei Chen, Tsui-Chun Tsou
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2019)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jhih-Wei Hsu, Chung-Yi Nien, Szu-Ching Yeh, Feng-Yuan Tsai, Hsin-Wei Chen, Tzong-Shyuan Lee, Shen-Liang Chen, Yung-Hsi Kao, Tsui-Chun Tsou
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jhih-Wei Hsu, Chung-Yi Nien, Hsin-Wei Chen, Feng-Yuan Tsai, Szu-Ching Yeh, Yung-Hsi Kao, Tsui-Chun Tsou
Summary: This study found that DEHP exposure exacerbated metabolic disorders in obese mice, but not in lean mice. The synergistic effects of obesity and DEHP regulated carbohydrate uptake, lipolysis, and abnormal adipose tissue, while obesity and DEHP differentially modulated transcriptomic changes in hepatic tissue.Obesity and DEHP exposure together caused early onset of metabolic disorders in obese mice through a potential mechanism involving Pparg, Lipe, Cd44, and Irs1.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Huai-Chih Chiang, Chih-Hong Wang, Szu-Ching Yeh, Yi-Hua Lin, Ya-Ting Kuo, Chih-Wei Liao, Feng-Yuan Tsai, Wei-Yu Lin, Wen-Han Chuang, Tsui-Chun Tsou
CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Huai-chih Chiang, How-Ran Chao, Lih-Ann Li, Feng-Yuan Tsai, Tsui-Chun Tsou
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2015)
Article
Toxicology
Kathryn Page, Walter Westerink, Kristie Sullivan, Thomas McDonald, Clive Roper
Summary: This study developed a new method to assess the skin irritation of antimicrobial cleaning products. The method utilized a more human-like model and demonstrated its effectiveness through comparison with in vivo rabbit skin irritation data.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Arupam Patra, Thirukumaran Kandasamy, Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh, Gurvinder Kaur Saini
Summary: This study successfully produced recombinant anisoplin and demonstrated its significant anti-cancer effect and ability to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The activation of related signaling pathways may be the key to cell death.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Thomas Haller, Alexander Jesacher, Alberto Hidalgo, Christina Schmidt
Summary: This study used live cell imaging to observe the accumulation of amiodarone in primary rat alveolar type II cells, and found that it specifically accumulates in lamellar bodies. The uptake is rapid, while storage is persistent. The main mechanisms for intracellular bioaccumulation of amiodarone are proposed to be passive diffusion, ion-trapping, and lipophilic interactions.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Filiz Bakar-Ates, Erva Ozkan
Summary: This study investigated the ferroptotic effect of CuB in breast cancer cells and evaluated its combination with erastin, a ferroptosis inducer. The results showed that the combination treatment significantly activated the ferroptotic pathways and altered the expression of iron-related proteins in breast cancer cells.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Rachel Z. Bennie, Ian C. Shaw
Summary: Estrogen mimics are synthetic and naturally occurring compounds that can interact with estrogen receptors in animals. In vitro transactivation reporter gene assay and in silico molecular modelling can be used to predict the mimicry of these compounds, reducing reliance on animal studies.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Sevda Isik, Semra Cicek
Summary: This study found that high doses of riboflavin can cause cytotoxicity in rainbow trout gonad cells and affect the transcriptional expressions of antioxidant enzymes and growth and reproductive genes, potentially leading to DNA damage and cell death.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Ying Wang, Jie Wu, Mengqi Wan, Dou Yang, Fasheng Liu, Kehao Li, Manxin Hu, Yuanyuan Tang, Huiqiang Lu, Shouhua Zhang, Yuanzhen Xiong
Summary: m-Cresol is commonly used as an intermediate for pesticides and other industrial applications. This study investigated the hepatotoxicity of m-cresol using zebrafish larvae and explored its molecular mechanisms. The results suggest that m-cresol may induce liver damage in zebrafish larvae through oxidative stress and cell apoptosis pathways.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Vincent J. Manna, Shannon Dwyer, Vanessa Pizutelli, Salvatore J. Caradonna
Summary: The widespread use of electronic cigarettes and the emergence of a new illness have raised concerns about the effects of e-cigarette vapor on respiratory tissues. Researchers have developed a simple device to mimic the response of human airway tissue after long-term exposure to e-cigarette vapor, and have identified differences in the effects of different vapor compositions on airway tissue.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)