Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elias Saad, Basheer Maamoun, Assy Nimer
Summary: This study aims to investigate the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and the severity of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The results showed that different complete blood count (CBC) parameters, such as hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean platelet volume (MPV), and RDW, are correlated with the severity of COPD exacerbation. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between RDW and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rohan Karkra, Chaya Sindaghatta Krishnarao, Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah, Mahesh Padukudru Anand
Summary: COPD is a common and serious condition with significant global impact. Quick and affordable investigations are needed to predict mortality in patients with acute exacerbations, especially in low resource settings.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akihiro Shiroshita, Keisuke Anan, Masafumi Takeshita, Yuki Kataoka
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of systemic steroid therapy on 30-day mortality in patients with pneumonic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. The results showed that systemic steroid therapy initiated within two days of admission was associated with higher 30-day mortality rates.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ling Lin, Qing Song, Wei Cheng, Cong Liu, Yi-Yang Zhao, Jia-Xi Duan, Jing Li, Dan Liu, Xin Li, Yan Chen, Shan Cai, Ping Chen
Summary: This study compared the predictive value of baseline CAT score and short-term change in CAT for future exacerbations in COPD patients. The results showed that the change in CAT had a better predictive capacity for future exacerbations than the baseline CAT score.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiyuan Dong, Jianhua You, Jiancheng Wang, Hairong Bao
Summary: This study evaluated the association between air pollution and outpatient visits for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) using a time-series study. The results showed that the increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 concentrations was associated with an increase in AECOPD outpatient visits. The association varied by gender, age, and season.
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yanbo Liu, Yuxiong Chen, Dehui Kong, Xiaole Liu, Jia Fu, Yongqiao Zhang, Yakun Zhao, Zhen'ge Chang, Xiaoyi Zhao, Kaifeng Xu, Chengyu Jiang, Zhongjie Fan
Summary: The study found that cold spells in Beijing were associated with increased AECOPD hospitalisations, with the effects increasing with the intensities and durations of the cold spells. The elderly population is more vulnerable to the impacts of cold spells on AECOPD hospitalisations.
Article
Physiology
Xiaoyan Gai, Chenglin Guo, Linlin Zhang, Lijiao Zhang, Mairipaiti Abulikemu, Juan Wang, Qingtao Zhou, Yahong Chen, Yongchang Sun, Chun Chang
Summary: The study found that during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), specific glycerophospholipids were significantly reduced in expression. These glycerophospholipids were able to predict the acute exacerbation and recovery stages, particularly in the non-eosinophilic subtype. Abnormalities in glycerophospholipid metabolism may be associated with the onset of AECOPD.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bo-Guen Kim, Sun Hye Shin, Hyun-Il Gil, Sungmin Zo, Yunjoo Im, Ju Yeun Song, Chai Young Lee, Danbee Kang, Juhee Cho, Hye Yun Park
Summary: This study investigated the change in individual CAT scores after short-term bronchodilator therapy among treatment-naive patients with COPD. It was found that the CAT items related to respiratory symptoms, such as phlegm, chest tightness, and breathlessness, significantly improved after bronchodilator therapy, while the total CAT score did not show significant improvement. Patients with improved CAT scores had significantly lower rates of moderate-to-severe exacerbations during follow-up.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Yong Jun Choi, Taehee Kim, Hye Jung Park, Jae Hwa Cho, Min Kwang Byun
Summary: Sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a higher rate of acute exacerbation events, all-cause mortality, and pneumonia occurrence. Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for COPD exacerbation. Hand grip strength and skeletal muscle mass index are associated with various clinical assessments and outcomes in COPD patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kentaro Hyodo, Hironori Masuko, Hisayuki Oshima, Rie Shigemasa, Haruna Kitazawa, Jun Kanazawa, Hiroaki Iijima, Hiroichi Ishikawa, Takahide Kodama, Akihiro Nomura, Katsunori Kagohashi, Hiroaki Satoh, Takefumi Saito, Tohru Sakamoto, Nobuyuki Hizawa
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the exacerbation-prone phenotypes beyond disease labels in asthma and COPD using shared risk factors and to examine the role of the IL4RA gene polymorphism related to type 2 inflammation. The results showed common exacerbation-prone endotypes in chronic inflammatory airway diseases, supporting the use of a treatable traits approach for prevention.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tanveer Mir, Mohammed Uddin, Amir Khalil, Prateek Lohia, Lekiesha Porter, Neelambuj Regmi, Jarrett Weinberger, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ayman O. Soubani
Summary: This study revealed a strong association between aspergillosis infection and high mortality among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Malignancy and organ transplant status were identified as predominant predictors of aspergillosis development in AECOPD patients. The study also found a decrease in the yearly rate of aspergillosis, while the mortality trend remained steady.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Respiratory System
Mairi MacLeod, Alberto Papi, Marco Contoli, Bianca Beghe, Bartolome R. Celli, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha, Leonardo M. Fabbri
Summary: Exacerbations in COPD significantly impact disease progression, comorbidities, wellbeing, and mortality. They represent a major socioeconomic burden. Current definitions of exacerbations focus on worsening respiratory symptoms, but other factors can also contribute. Objective measurements like blood counts and C-reactive protein should be used to improve accuracy in diagnosis. Acute management includes interventions like corticosteroids, antibiotics, and non-invasive ventilation. Long-term prevention strategies, such as inhaled therapy and tailored approaches based on clinical phenotypes, are needed to better manage exacerbations.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephanie A. Christenson, Benjamin M. Smith, Mona Bafadhel, Nirupama Putcha
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem that leads to high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Its main causes are exposure to harmful particles, such as tobacco smoke and pollutants. Recent research has shown that various factors throughout the life course increase the risk of developing COPD. Innovations in omics and imaging techniques have provided greater understanding of the disease's pathophysiology, potentially leading to advancements in its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This review focuses on recent advances in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of COPD.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohammed Kaleem Ullah, Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi, Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah, Prashant Vishwanath, Swapna Upadhyay, Koustav Ganguly, Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Summary: This study categorized AECOPD patients into different phenotypes based on pathology and exposure, finding that different phenotypes have varying impacts on clinical outcomes. Understanding these phenotypes could aid in the precise management of different AECOPD patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christopher L. Mosher, Michael G. Nanna, Oliver K. Jawitz, Vignesh Raman, Norma E. Farrow, Samia Aleem, Richard Casaburi, Neil R. MacIntyre, Scott M. Palmer, Evan R. Myers
Summary: This economic evaluation study found that pulmonary rehabilitation after hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can result in cost savings and improve quality of life. These findings emphasize the need to develop policies to increase access and adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD.
Letter
Respiratory System
Hyun Lee, Hayoung Choi, James D. Chalmers, Raja Dhar, Tu Q. Nguyen, Simone K. Visser, Lucy C. Morgan, Yeon-Mok Oh
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Faisal Kamal, Sacheen Kumar, Michael R. Edwards, Kirill Veselkov, Ilaria Belluomo, Tatiana Kebadze, Andrea Romano, Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo, Tasnim Shahridan Faiez, Ross Walton, Andrew Ritchie, Dexter J. Wiseman, Ivan Laponogov, Gavin Donaldson, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha, Sebastian L. Johnston, Aran Singanayagam, George B. Hanna
Summary: Exhaled breath volatile organic compounds can distinguish viral from bacterial infection in COPD. Specific compounds in exhaled breath correlate with viral burden, antiviral immune responses, and exacerbation severity, suggesting their potential as rapid, noninvasive biomarkers of viral infection in COPD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Hugo Farne, Nicholas Glanville, Nicholas Johnson, Tata Kebadze, Julia Aniscenko, Eteri Regis, Jie Zhu, Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo, Onn Min Kon, Patrick Mallia, A. Toby Prevost, Michael R. Edwards, Sebastian L. Johnston, Aran Singanayagam, David Joshua Jackson
Summary: The study showed that timapiprant treatment did not attenuate or prevent asthma exacerbations induced by experimental rhinovirus infection in partially controlled asthma patients. However, in bronchial biopsies, the increase in CRTH2 staining during RV-A16 infection was lower in the timapiprant-treated group compared to the placebo-treated group.
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Tasnim Shahridan Faiez, Aran Singanayagam
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Vicky Gerovasili, Anand Shah, Aran Singanayagam, Peter M. George, Raymond Njafuh, Maria Prendecki, Martin Carby, Michelle Willicombe, Peter Kelleher, Anna Reed
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Richard Morton, Aran Singanayagam
Summary: C. Rigaut and co-workers have discovered a previously unrecognized role of airway commensal Rothia mucilaginosa in attenuating proinflammatory responses to P. aeruginosa. This effect has been consistently demonstrated across various experimental models.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Holly R. Keir, James D. Chalmers
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreia L. Pinto, Ranjit K. Rai, Jonathan C. Brown, Paul Griffin, James R. Edgar, Anand Shah, Aran Singanayagam, Claire Hogg, Wendy S. Barclay, Clare E. Futter, Thomas Burgoyne
Summary: Ultrastructural studies reveal the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection within host cells, with ciliated cells being the primary target. The virus enters the cells through fusion with the plasma membrane, releasing the nucleoprotein-encapsidated genome, while viral budding occurs through fusion with membrane compartments.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Hugo Farne, Lijing Lin, David J. Jackson, Magnus Rattray, Angela Simpson, Adnan Custovic, Shilpy Joshi, Paul A. Wilson, Rick Williamson, Michael R. Edwards, Aran Singanayagam, Sebastian L. Johnston
Summary: This study found dysregulation of innate antiviral responses in asthma, indicating that prophylactic interferon therapy may have greater clinical benefit than therapeutic interferon therapy.
Article
Cell Biology
Peter M. George, Anna Reed, Sujal R. Desai, Anand Devaraj, Tasnim Shahridan Faiez, Sarah Laverty, Amama Kanwal, Camille Esneau, Michael K. C. Liu, Faisal Kamal, William D. -C. Man, Sundeep Kaul, Suveer Singh, Georgia Lamb, Fatima K. Faizi, Michael Schuliga, Jane Read, Thomas Burgoyne, Andreia L. Pinto, Jake Micallef, Emilie Bauwens, Julie Candiracci, Mhammed Bougoussa, Marielle Herzog, Lavanya Raman, Blerina Ahmetaj-Shala, Stuart Turville, Anupriya Aggarwal, Hugo A. Farne, Alessia Dalla Pria, Andrew D. Aswani, Francesca Patella, Weronika E. Borek, Jane A. Mitchell, Nathan W. Bartlett, Arran Dokal, Xiao-Ning Xu, Peter Kelleher, Anand Shah, Aran Singanayagam
Summary: Interstitial lung disease and associated fibrosis can occur in COVID-19 patients after recovery, and this study provides insights into the mechanisms behind these pulmonary sequelae. The researchers found an up-regulated neutrophil-associated immune response and antiviral signaling in the blood and upper airway of patients with lung changes. Peripheral phosphoproteome analysis identified critical kinases involved in neutrophil inflammatory pathways. Some patients did not achieve full normalization of radiological and functional changes even after 12 months of recovery.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Evgeni Mekov, Marc Miravitlles, Marko Topalovic, Aran Singanayagam, Rosen Petkov
Summary: This study explores the application of machine learning in personalized medicine for COPD, aiming to accurately predict the risk for each patient and provide individualized prognosis or risk assessment based on individual characteristics.
CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark Almond, Hugo A. Farne, Millie M. Jackson, Akhilesh Jha, Orestis Katsoulis, Oliver Pitts, Tanushree Tunstall, Eteri Regis, Jake Dunning, Adam J. Byrne, Patrick Mallia, Onn Min Kon, Ken A. Saunders, Karen D. Simpson, Robert J. Snelgrove, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Michael R. Edwards, Wendy S. Barclay, Liam M. Heaney, Sebastian L. Johnston, Aran Singanayagam
Summary: Obese individuals have deficient pulmonary antiviral immune responses in bronchoalveolar lavage cells, due to increased airway concentrations of leptin, which impair interferon responses and facilitate severe influenza infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Tom Wilkinson, Anthony De Soyza, Miles Carroll, James D. Chalmers, Michael G. Crooks, Gareth Griffiths, Manu Shankar-Hari, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Chris Kell, Beatriz Lara, Biswa Mishra, Rachel Moate, Clive Page, Hitesh Pandya, Jason Raw, Fred Reid, Dinesh Saralaya, Ian C. Scott, Salman Siddiqui, Andy Ustianowski, Natalie van Zuydam, Ashley Woodcock, Dave Singh
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of the anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody tozorakimab in COVID-19 patients. The results suggest that tozorakimab could be a novel therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
James D. Chalmers, Helen Usansky, Christopher M. Rubino, Ariel Teper, Carlos Fernandez, Jun Zou, Kevin C. Mange
Summary: Brensocatib, an investigational drug, has shown promise in reducing neutrophil elastase activity in patients with NCFBE. The study found that age and renal function have a moderate effect on brensocatib exposure, but dose adjustments based on these factors are not necessary. Further development of brensocatib for bronchiectasis is supported by the clinically meaningful relationship between suppression of neutrophil elastase activity and reduction in exacerbations.
CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aran Singanayagam, Joseph Footitt, Matthias Marczynski, Giorgia Radicioni, Michael T. Cross, Lydia J. Finney, Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo, Maria Calderazzo, Jie Zhu, Julia Aniscenko, Thomas B. Clarke, Philip L. Molyneaux, Nathan W. Bartlett, Miriam F. Moffatt, William O. Cookson, Jadwiga Wedzicha, Christopher M. Evans, Richard C. Boucher, Mehmet Kesimer, Oliver Lieleg, Patrick Mallia, Sebastian L. Johnston
Summary: During exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases, the concentrations of airway mucus 5AC (MUC5AC) and MUC5B increase. Changes in MUC5AC expression are more sensitive to viral load, inflammation, symptom severity, decrements in lung function, and secondary bacterial infections during exacerbations. MUC5AC is functionally related to inflammation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)