Journal
THIN SOLID FILMS
Volume 517, Issue 16, Pages 4509-4514Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.12.035
Keywords
Oblique angle vapor deposition; Epitaxial growth; Reflection high energy electron diffraction; Atomic force microscopy
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Epitaxial growth of copper on annealed NaCl(100) surface was carried out using thermal evaporation at an oblique angle of incidence (75 +/- 5)degrees with respect to the substrate normal. The substrate was kept at a temperature of (150 +/- 5)degrees C. The crystalline structure of the Cu film was studied in situ by reflection high energy electron diffraction at various deposition times. We observed that the film grows through nucleation of epitaxial islands followed by coalescence and then flattening of the film. The chevron shaped diffraction patterns formed by the refraction effect of electrons were used to identify the crystal facets. With longer deposition times, instead of columnar structures, a continuous epitaxial film was formed despite the oblique angle incidence of the vapor. The morphology of the final film was characterized ex situ by atomic force microscopy and shows L-shaped pores asymmetric with respect to the vapor incident direction. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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