Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Zhengtao Wu, Rongli Ye, Babak Bakhit, Ivan Petrov, Lars Hultman, Grzegorz Greczynski
Summary: By varying the thickness of the Cr interlayer and applying substrate bias during growth, the effects of multilayer structure on the mechanical properties, static oxidation, and tribological behavior of TiB2/Cr multilayer films were investigated. The results show that an appropriate amount of Cr interlayers can improve the resistance to oxidation and significantly deteriorate wear rates while slightly lowering the hardness.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Zhengtao Wu, Rongli Ye, Babak Bakhit, Ivan Petrov, Lars Hultman, Grzegorz Greczynski
Summary: TiB2/Cr multilayer films with alternating TiB2-DCMS and Cr-HiPIMS layers were fabricated and the effects of multilayer structure on the properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that Cr interlayers could improve the oxidation resistance and wear performance, but increasing the thickness of the Cr layers decreased the hardness.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Flores-Jimenez, Cesar Daniel Rivera Tello, J. Perez-Alvarez, O. Jimenez, J. Chavez, D. Bravo-Barcenas, J. Munoz-Saldana, M. Flores-Martinez
Summary: This study reports the tribological behavior of a superhard boron nitride film with the presence of h-BN, c-BN, and w-BN phases. The film exhibited high hardness and friction coefficient, resulting in a wear resistance almost two orders of magnitude higher than uncoated steel.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cheng-Hsun Hsu, Chun-Yin Lin, Jian-Xun Chen
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effect of varying bias parameters on the properties of TiN/CrN multilayer films deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The films were characterized for their composition, structure, morphology, thickness, adhesion, and hardness. The use of CAD-coated TiN/CrN multilayer film enhanced the surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with the best wear and corrosion resistance achieved at -150 V bias.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhengde Wang, Bin Zhang, Kaixiong Gao, Ruixuan Liu
Summary: TiN coatings deposited by HiPIMS at varying N-2 flow rates demonstrate improved corrosion resistance and conductivity for metallic bipolar plates, with potential industrial applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Di Wang, Song-sheng Lin, Jin-de Lu, Shu-qi Huang, Zhi-fu Yin, Hong-zhi Yang, Pei-ying Bian, Yun-liang Zhang, Ming-jiang Dai, Ke-song Zhou
Summary: In this study, a 16 μm CrN/CrAlN multilayer coating is prepared on the titanium alloy surface via arc ion plating, and the high-temperature wear performance and mechanism after coating are investigated. The results indicate that the friction coefficient of the coating decreases with increasing temperature, and the wear rate increases as the temperature rises.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jose Sanches, Fabio Ferreira, Filipe Fernandes, Albano Cavaleiro, Ricardo Serra
Summary: Wear can be reduced by applying protective multi-element thin films on mechanical components. This study investigates the effect of substrate polarisation voltage on the structural-mechanical relationships of WTiCN thin films. The results show that a substrate polarisation voltage of -60 V is necessary to obtain wear-resistant surfaces.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
T. D. Atmani, M. Gaceb, H. Aknouche, C. Nouveau, M. S. Bouamrene
Summary: The study focused on improving the performance of steel mechanical parts subject to aggressive friction solicitations by depositing TiN and CrN layers. It was found that multi-layer coatings with a certain thickness and a higher number of interfaces showed excellent hardness and Young's modulus, as well as good cohesive/adhesive strength and improved structural and mechanical properties.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gulsah Aktas Celik, Saban Hakan Atapek, Seyda Polat, Aleksei Obrosov, Sabine Weiss
Summary: In this study, the tribological behavior of heat-treated and multisurface engineered DIN 1.2367 tool steel was investigated. Nitriding was found to have a positive effect on the wear resistance of the steel. Arc cathodic physical vapor deposition was used to obtain CrN, AlTiN, and CrN/AlTiN coatings on the steel. The highest surface hardness was achieved with the CrN/AlTiN coating, and nitriding further increased the surface hardness. The wear tests showed that the nitrided and CrN/AlTiN-coated sample had the lowest wear rate.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rong Tu, Yang Yuan, Mai Yang, Rui Min, Jiao Jiao, Qizhong Li, Meijun Yang, Baifeng Ji, Song Zhang
Summary: Multi-layered Cr2N/TiN coatings were prepared by combining HiPIMS and AIP, and it was found that the coatings had smaller grain size and higher hardness with increasing negative bias voltage on the substrate. The adhesion of the coatings was also improved. The coatings obtained at V-s = -100 V showed the best corrosion resistance in NaCl aqueous solution.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Adrian Claver, Emilio Jimenez-Pique, Jose F. Palacio, Eluxka Almandoz, Jonathan Fernandez de Ara, Ivan Fernandez, Jose A. Santiago, Eneko Barba, Jose A. Garcia
Summary: Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are known for their exceptional properties, such as excellent wear resistance and low friction coefficient. However, their adhesion is not as good as coatings deposited by other techniques, which limits their industrial applications. DLC coatings deposited using HiPIMS technology on three different tool steels showed excellent tribological properties, particularly in terms of wear resistance and adhesion.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alexander Pogrebnjak, Vladimir Buranich, Volodymyr Ivashchenko, Lazat Baimoldanova, Krzysztof Rokosz, Steinar Raaen, Pawel Zukowski, Marek Opielak, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Vyacheslav Beresnev, Nazgul Erdybaeva
Summary: This study examines the mechanical and tribological properties of TiA-SiYN/CrN system for cutting machinery. The experimental data suggests that samples prepared with Cr plasma treatment without Cr interlayer exhibit improved wear, crack resistance, and adhesion to the substrate.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Seda Atas Bakdemir, Dogus Ozkan, Cenk Turkuz, Serdar Salman
Summary: In this study, TiN/TiCrN coatings with different number of CrN interlayers were successfully deposited on nitrided and non-nitrided DIN 1.2379 steel. The wear behavior of these coatings was investigated under dry and lubricated conditions with different loads. The results showed that nitrided samples with TiN/TiCrN coatings displayed better wear resistance at dry conditions, while nitrided and nitride + coated TiN/TiCrN specimens exhibited improved wear resistance at lubricated conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arunprabhu Arunachalam Sugumaran, Yashodhan Purandare, Krishnanand Shukla, Imran Khan, Arutiun Ehiasarian, Papken Hovsepian
Summary: This study demonstrates the performance of nanoscale multilayer TiN/NbN coatings on medical-grade alloys, showing high hardness, low friction and wear coefficients. The coatings exhibited superior adhesion to the substrate, passivation behavior in aggressive environments, and reduced leaching of harmful metal ions, indicating excellent barrier properties.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
M. Naeem, Shabana Awan, M. Shafiq, H. A. Raza, Javed Iqbal, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, R. R. M. Sousa, Mohsan Jelani, M. Abrar
Summary: The study aims to improve the surface properties of AISI-304 austenite stainless steel by combining cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) and PVD-TiN treatments, which significantly enhances hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Correction
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. H. Mayrhofer, F. D. Fischer, H. J. Boehm, C. Mitterer, J. M. Schneider
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nikola Koutna, Lukas Loefler, David Holec, Zhuo Chen, Zaoli Zhang, Lars Hultman, Paul H. Mayrhofer, Davide G. Sangiovanni
Summary: This study investigates the plasticity and crack growth mechanisms of B1 AlN(001)/TiN(001) superlattices under mechanical loading. The simulations reveal an anisotropic response of the superlattice in different tensile directions and suggest that controlling the thicknesses of the superlattice components can hinder crack growth.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zecui Gao, Tengfei Zhang, Qimin Wang, Paul Heinz Mayrhofer
Summary: The performance of electrochemical capacitors is influenced by their surface area, stability, and conductivity. By using magnetron sputtering, columnar and zig-zag y-Mo2N thin-film electrodes were prepared, with the latter exhibiting a 4 times higher capacitance than the former. Both electrodes showed excellent cycling stability and the zig-zag y-Mo2N electrode demonstrated a higher power density and volumetric capacitance compared to the columnar y-Mo2N electrode. Additionally, the zig-zag y-Mo2N supercapacitors displayed mechanical flexibility up to a bending angle of 107 degrees.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. Freisinger, H. Rojacz, K. Pichelbauer, A. Trausmuth, G. Trummer, K. Six, P. H. Mayrhofer
Summary: Detailed investigations of white etching layers (WELs) formed on rails and wheels are crucial for improving railway safety. Lab-generated WELs with comparable characteristics are needed for further testing. This study shows that surface temperatures of > 640 degrees C lead to thermally induced WELs, with variations based on the initial deformation state. Laser treatment on initially deformed wheel material produces WELs that closely match the field-WEL observed on ex-service railway wheels.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Barbara Schmid, Nikola Koutna, Rainer Hahn, Tomasz Wojcik, Peter Polcik, Paul Heinz Mayrhofer
Summary: Transition metal carbides are high-temperature ceramics with high thermal and mechanical stability and melting points above 4000 degrees C. However, their high brittleness is a significant limitation. Inspired by nanolayered superlattice architecture, TaC/HfC and TiC/TaC superlattice films were developed to enhance hardness and toughness. The superlattice structure of TiC/TaC was pronounced, while TaC/HfC showed more of a solid solution characteristic. The TiC/TaC superlattices have higher hardness and better fracture behavior than TaC/HfC coatings, as well as monolithic TiC, TaC, and HfC coatings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. H. Mayrhofer, S. Kagerer, P. Polcik, A. Kirnbauer
Summary: Alloying (Ti,Al)N with Ta, CeSi2 or LaB6 improves hardness and thermal stability. When alloyed together, their different mechanisms result in cumulative improvement, especially in oxidation resistance. CeSi2 and CeSi2 + LaB6 alloys exhibit single-phase fcc structures with good hardness even after vacuum annealing.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andreas Kretschmer, Fabian Bohrn, Herbert Hutter, Eduardo Pitthan, Tuan Thien Tran, Daniel Primetzhofer, Paul Heinz Mayrhofer
Summary: The barrier performance of a nitride and three oxynitrides of the system Al-Cr-Nb-Ta-Ti between Cu and Si was tested. The coatings showed intact barrier function up to 800 degrees C and complete failure at 900 degrees C.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
M. Freisinger, L. Zauner, R. Hahn, H. Riedl, P. H. Mayrhofer
Summary: A complex and untraceable mechanical and thermal loading situation in rolling-sliding contacts can lead to the formation of white etching layers (WELs), which are critical crack initiation sites. In this study, a WEL was prepared on a decommissioned rail wheel by laser surface treatments, and its microstructural characteristics and micro-mechanical properties were investigated. The martensitic region in the WEL was significantly harder than the transition zone and the deformed ferritic-pearlitic base material. The in-situ V-notched micro-cantilever bending experiments showed crack initiation and propagation, along with plastic behavior, in the martensitic region.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
M. Freisinger, H. Rojacz, A. Trausmuth, P. H. Mayrhofer
Summary: We studied the depth-evolution of the surface-near microstructure along different regions of a wheel tread, which has been in service for about 200,000 km. The study revealed higher thermal loading in the middle of the tread and predominant mechanical loading in neighboring regions, leading to severe plastic deformation and rolling contact fatigue cracks. Various WEL-like microstructures were observed, contributing to the understanding of their characteristics and identifying potential crack initiation sites.
METALLOGRAPHY MICROSTRUCTURE AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ganesh Kumar Nayak, Andreas Kretschmer, Paul H. Mayrhofer, David Holec
Summary: High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant attention for their unique structural stability and excellent properties. The concept of high entropy has also been applied to protective coatings. Ab initio calculations reveal the atomic-level behavior of HEAs, particularly focusing on the interplay between high entropy, sluggish diffusion, and lattice distortions in HESN ceramics. The study shows that high entropy alone does not guarantee slow diffusion, and proposes a relationship between local distortions and activation energies. These findings emphasize the need to analyze each system individually to understand the core effects of HEAs.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Jiang, Tao Sun, Guoqiang Huang, Xiaomei Feng, Yifu Shen, Paul Heinz Mayrhofer
Summary: Al1.8CrCuFeNi2/WC composite coatings were prepared on Ti-6Al-4 V alloy by laser cladding of a high entropy alloy (HEA) powder with the addition of WC powder. The addition of WC led to the formation of various carbides, resulting in improved hardness and wear resistance of the composite coatings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
R. Hahn, A. A. Tymoszuk, T. Wojcik, E. Ntemou, O. Hunold, P. Polcik, S. Kolozsvari, D. Primetzhofer, P. H. Mayrhofer, H. Riedl
Summary: Superlattice structures can enhance the hardness and fracture toughness of ceramic-like coatings. In this study, TiB2/WB2 and TiB2/ZrB2 superlattices were deposited to investigate their effects on hardness (H) and fracture toughness (KIC). The TiB2/WB2 system exhibited a distinct hardness peak, while the TiB2/ZrB2 system showed an increase in fracture toughness due to differences in lattice spacing.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Andreas Kretschmer, Vince Jaszfi, Valentin Dalbauer, Vadim Schott, Sebastian Benedikt, Anders O. Eriksson, Andreas Limbeck, Paul Heinz Mayrhofer
Summary: A new recycling strategy for coated cemented carbide tools has been reported by adding an interlayer and selectively dissolving it in a concentrated basic solution to spall off the coating. Different interlayers and pre-treatment methods have been tested to accelerate the de-coating process.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Leiner, Nikola Koutna, Jozef Janovec, Martin Zeleny, Paul H. Mayrhofer, David Holec
Summary: Transition metal diborides can crystallize in different structures, and their transformations are studied using first-principles calculations. Sliding of individual planes in group IV-VII transition metal diborides along a transformation pathway is simulated, and energetic and structural changes are predicted. The results show that MnB2 and MoB2 have the lowest sliding barriers.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
S. Kagerera, O. E. Hudaka, T. Wojcik, R. Hahn, A. Davydokc, M. Schlofferd, H. Riedla, P. H. Mayrhofer
Summary: γ-TiAl bulk materials are ideal for reducing carbon emissions and fuel consumption in aerospace and aviation due to their unique properties. This study demonstrates that Al-rich γ-TiAl coatings can significantly improve oxidation resistance and prevent oxygen diffusion, making them suitable for use with TNM bulk alloys. The experiments also show that the coating is well-adhered and forms a thin, dense α-Al2O3-based oxide layer after exposure to high temperatures.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
