Journal
THERMAL SCIENCE
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 55-64Publisher
VINCA INST NUCLEAR SCI
DOI: 10.2298/TSCI0803055A
Keywords
refrigerant; global warming potential; R134a; CO2 (R744); transcritical cycle; air conditioning; heat pump
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Based on Kyoto Protocol and the decisions of European Commission R134a refrigerant, currently, dominant , used in mobile air conditioning systems, needs to be phased-out. At present automotive,e industry, looks at carbon dioxide (CO2; R744) as the refrigerant of the future. Apart from the environmental benefits discussed are the technical characteristics of carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle and mobile air-conditioning systems in comparison to R134a refrigerant. Analyzed are challenges emerged from the use of CO2 as refrigerant and improvement opportunities in regards to increase of the system performance and efficiency. Particular attention is dedicated to the advantages of CO2 utilization in prospective automotive heat pump systems.
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