4.4 Article

Reaction of hydrosilanes with alkynes catalyzed by gold nanoparticles supported on TiO2

Journal

TETRAHEDRON
Volume 68, Issue 42, Pages 8724-8731

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.021

Keywords

Hydrosilylation; Alkynes; Gold nanoparticles; Dehydrogenative disilylation; Heterogeneous catalysis

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Gold nanoparticles supported on TiO2 (0.8-1.4 mol %) catalyze the beta-(E) regioselective hydrosilylation of a variety of functionalized terminal alkynes with alkylhydrosilanes in 1,2-dichloroethane (70 degrees C). The product yields are excellent, and the reaction times relatively short, while almost equimolar amounts of alkynes and hydrosilanes can be used. Minor side-products in up to 35% relative yield of cis-oxidative (dehydrogenative) disilylation, an unprecedented reaction pathway, are formed in the cases of the less hindered hydrosilanes and alkynes. Triethoxysilane reacts faster and affords apart from beta-(E) addition products, minor alpha-hydrosilylation regio-isomers in upto 15% relative yield. Internal alkynes are generally less reactive or even unreactive. It is proposed that cationic Au(I) species stabilized by the support are the reactive catalytic sites, forming in the presence of hydrosilanes either silyl-Au(III)-H (hydrosilylation pathway) or Au(III)-disilyl species (dehydrogenative disilylation pathway). Regarding the mechanism of hydrosilylation, kinetic experiments are in agreement with silyl carbometallation of the triple bond in the rate determining step of the reaction. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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