Editorial Material
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Stephane Kenmoe
Summary: The organization popularizes scientific knowledge and encourages public engagement in Africa through activities such as film series and debates.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jian Ma, Lei Wang, Zhong-Lin Fu, Hong-Yu Shao, Wei Guo
Summary: What designers do and their intentions in the design process are still unresolved issues, while designers play a crucial role. Existing research focuses on explicit knowledge representation but overlooks the tacit information that motivates their activities. Fortunately, mental models provide insights into understanding and driving designer activities.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Guilherme Sanches de Oliveira
Summary: The article discusses the challenge of how non-representational approaches in embodied cognitive science can shed light on creativity, particularly in abstract conceptual reasoning. It suggests revisiting ideas from functionalist psychology as an alternative starting point for understanding cognitive science and scientific creativity. This approach resolves the tension between rejecting mainstream cognitive views of creativity as the combination of ideas while still arriving at new, creative ideas.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ahmed Alduais, Ammar Al-Khawlani, Shrouq Almaghlouth, Hind Alfadda
Summary: Language acquisition, processing, comprehension, and production involve a complex mechanism that rely on cognitive processes like attention, thought, perception, and memory for meaningful communication. This study utilized science mapping method and various bibliometric and scientometric indicators to visualize emerging trends and patterns in cognitive linguistics literature, highlighting the evolution of the field from micro-level cognitive aspects of language to macro-level cognitive processes in meaningful communication.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Alejandro Martinez, Stefano Mammola
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the use of jargon and the number of citations, finding a significant negative correlation between the proportion of jargon words in the title and abstract and the paper's citation count. The researchers recommend limiting jargon usage to sections where it is unavoidable to increase the accessibility and impact of scientific research.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Anna-Mari Rusanen, Otto Lappi, Jesse Kuokkanen, Jami Pekkanen
Summary: This article discusses the fundamental cognitive problem faced by active organisms in a changing environment and analyzes motor and action control in computational models using reinforcement learning algorithms. It argues that RL provides a way to explain the action-oriented views of cognitive systems in representational terms by maximizing expected future rewards through action selection policies.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Freek Van de Velde, Stefano De Pascale, Dirk Speelman
Summary: Adopting corpus linguistic methods can help alleviate generalizability issues in psychology and psycholinguistics experiments conducted in controlled lab environments. These methods work with natural data, but may also introduce biases in lexemes and language users. We discuss various solutions to enhance control in corpus studies.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Jeena John, Manas Kinra, Jayesh Mudgal, G. L. Viswanatha, K. Nandakumar
Summary: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), chemobrain, and chemofog are common terms for mental dysfunction in cancer patients/survivors under the influence of chemotherapeutics. Understanding mechanisms of CICI can help in developing therapeutic interventions. Animal models play a critical role in exploring underlying mechanisms and verifying treatment hypotheses.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bo Maxwell Stevens, Randi Reppen, Mark Linhart, Kara Gibson, Adrah Parafiniuk, Aradhana Roberts, Robert Sanford, Nancy Collins Johnson
Summary: Social, political, and economic forces can unintentionally influence the stance of scientific literature, particularly in controversial topics like genetically modified crops. Research found that 40% of articles on GM crops had a positive or negative stance, with various factors affecting the proportion of positive and negative stances. Articles with a negative stance were more common in certain countries and at the beginning of the millennium.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Brandon Boesch
Summary: This essay examines the role of dissimilarity in scientific representation, arguing that similarity alone cannot fully explain the complexity of representation. By analyzing the use of maps and emphasizing the necessity of embracing dissimilarity in representational practice, it further explores how dissimilarity is essential for achieving both epistemic and nonepistemic aims in representation.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Moti Mizrahi
Summary: This study contributes to the debate on scientific progress in philosophy of science by empirically testing different philosophical accounts using a quantitative, corpus-based approach. The results suggest that practicing scientists tend to use the terms 'knowledge' and 'understanding' more frequently than 'truth' when discussing the aims or goals of scientific research in their published works. However, there is no significant difference between the frequency of using 'knowledge' and 'understanding', indicating that both epistemic and noetic accounts are supported over the semantic account.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Edgar Dubourg, Nicolas Baumard
Summary: Imaginary worlds are successful because they tap into our preference for exploration, propelling individuals towards new environments and rewards. By reviewing research in behavioral ecology, environmental aesthetics, neuroscience, and evolutionary psychology, we can explain the cultural variability of preference for imaginary worlds.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Csaba Veres
Summary: Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a prominent application area in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Transfer learning has greatly enhanced the performance of deep learning neural networks trained on language modeling tasks. These language models, when trained with software code data, have shown remarkable capabilities in generating functional computer code from natural language specifications. This challenges the claim that eliminative neural models can replace symbolic abstractions like generative phrase structure grammars, as programming language syntax is determined by phrase structure grammars. Furthermore, the success of neural models in tasks involving symbolic systems proves that language and cognitive systems are indeed symbolic. As a result, the term "language model" is deemed misleading and the adoption of the term "corpus model" is proposed.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanchen Wang, Tianfan Fu, Yuanqi Du, Wenhao Gao, Kexin Huang, Ziming Liu, Payal Chandak, Shengchao Liu, Peter Van Katwyk, Andreea Deac, Anima Anandkumar, Karianne Bergen, Carla P. Gomes, Shirley Ho, Pushmeet Kohli, Joan Lasenby, Jure Leskovec, Tie-Yan Liu, Arjun Manrai, Debora Marks, Bharath Ramsundar, Le Song, Jimeng Sun, Jian Tang, Petar Velickovic, Max Welling, Linfeng Zhang, Connor W. Coley, Yoshua Bengio, Marinka Zitnik
Summary: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in scientific discovery, providing assistance in hypothesis generation, experimental design, data analysis, and insight generation. Recent breakthroughs include self-supervised learning and geometric deep learning, which enhance model accuracy and efficiency. Generative AI methods can generate diverse designs through analysis of various data modalities. Despite progress, challenges such as data quality and stewardship remain, making it critical to develop foundational algorithmic approaches for AI innovation.
Article
Business
Jeffrey Muldoon, Phillip E. Davis, Joshua S. Bendickson, William C. McDowell, Eric W. Liguori
Summary: Social entrepreneurship plays an important role in addressing modern societal problems, but it is not without ethical concerns. This article uses moral disengagement theory to categorize and discuss issues in social entrepreneurship.
JOURNAL OF INNOVATION & KNOWLEDGE
(2022)