Journal
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00167
Keywords
deep brain stimulation; Hebbian-like learning; Parkinson's disease; DTI; subthalamic nucleus
Categories
Funding
- TrygFonden Charitable Foundation
- ERC Consolidator Grant: CAREGIVING [615539]
- Medical Research Council
- Norman Collisson Foundation
- Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
- ERC Advanced Grant: DYSTRUCTURE [295129]
- Spanish Research Project [SAF2010-16085]
- CONSOLIDER-INGENIO Programme [CSD2007-00012]
- FP7-ICT BrainScales
- Brain Network Recovery Group through the 'James S. McDonnell Foundation
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
- National Institute for Health Research [CL-2007-13-011] Funding Source: researchfish
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It is unclear whether Hebbian-like learning occurs at the level of long-range white matter connections in humans, i.e., where measurable changes in structural connectivity (SC) are correlated with changes in functional connectivity. However, the behavioral changes observed after deep brain stimulation (DBS) suggest the existence of such Hebbian-like mechanisms occurring at the structural level with functional consequences. In this rare case study, we obtained the full network of white matter connections of one patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) before and after long-term DBS and combined it with a computational model of ongoing activity to investigate the effects of DBS-induced long-term structural changes. The results show that the long-term effects of DBS on resting-state functional connectivity is best obtained in the computational model by changing the structural weights from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to the putamen and the thalamus in a Hebbian-like manner. Moreover, long-term DBS also significantly changed the SC towards normality in terms of model-based measures of segregation and integration of information processing, two key concepts of brain organization. This novel approach using computational models to model the effects of Hebbian-like changes in SC allowed us to causally identify the possible underlying neural mechanisms of long-term DBS using rare case study data In time, this could help predict the efficacy of individual DBS targeting and identify novel DBS targets.
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