Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shamir O. Cawich, Philip E. Burgess, Deonne Ranglin-Robinson, Rufus Ewing
Summary: This report presents the first instance of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) from the Caribbean island of Turks and Caicos. It demonstrates that SILS cholecystectomy is feasible in this environment with minimal modifications to existing hardware, providing a safe alternative to conventional multi-trocar laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Changgang Wang, Haoran Feng, Xiaoning Zhu, Zijia Song, You Li, Yiqing Shi, Yimei Jiang, Xianze Chen, Tao Zhang, Ren Zhao, Kun Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of ERAS combined with single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. The results showed that SILS combined with ERAS can provide favorable cosmetic results, early dietary resumption, shorter hospital stays, and appropriate control of postoperative pain.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Haipeng Liu, Jie Liu, Wei Xu, Xiao Chen
Summary: Surgical excision is the main treatment for gastric cancer, but it can lead to complications such as gallstones. This study reviewed the causes, risk factors, and mechanisms of gallstone formation after gastric cancer surgery, as well as the evidence and value of prophylactic cholecystectomy. It summarized that damage to the vagus nerve, changes in intestinal hormone secretion, and alterations in bile composition can all contribute to gallstone formation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Eduardo A. Vega, Sebastian Mellado, Ariana M. Chirban, Elena Panettieri, Marcel Sanhueza, Rosemarie Mege, Cristian Diaz, Alejandro Branes, Eduardo Briceno, Eduardo Vinuela
Summary: In this retrospective analysis, the volume of liver resection in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer was found to be associated with overall morbidity and length of stay, but not overall survival. Resection volume of 105 cm3 or more was associated with higher morbidity and length of stay. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival based on the volume of liver resection.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Julian Wang, Pablo E. Serrano, Christopher Griffiths, Sameer Parpia, Marko Simunovic
Summary: The greater use of MILR for colorectal cancer liver metastases was associated with a 1-day shorter length of hospital stay. Surgeon enthusiasm for MILR among a small number of opinion leaders likely influenced the uptake of this complex innovation.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Surgery
Pipit Burasakarn, Anuparp Thienhiran, Sermsak Hongjinda, Pusit Fuengfoo
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of hepatectomy and no hepatectomy approaches in patients with T2 gallbladder cancer. The analysis revealed comparable perioperative and long-term outcomes between the two methods. In certain cases, hepatectomy may not be necessary if the preoperative evaluation and intraoperative frozen sections confirm negative margins.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Young Jae Cho, Won-Gun Yun, Hye-Sol Jung, Mirang Lee, Youngmin Han, Wooil Kwon, Jin-Young Jang
Summary: This study found that robotic extended cholecystectomy (REC) showed superior short-term outcomes and comparable long-term survival outcomes to open extended cholecystectomy (OEC) for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients. REC was also associated with less postoperative pain. Therefore, REC may be a feasible option for patients with advanced GBC.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yun Kyung Jung, Junghyun Yoon, Kyeong Geun Lee, Han Joon Kim, Boyoung Park, Dongho Choi
Summary: The incidence of cancer development after cholecystectomy remains debatable, with overall cancer rates similar between cholecystectomy patients and the general population, but younger patients who underwent cholecystectomy are at a higher risk. Particularly, incidences of colorectal cancer and liver cancer were higher in cholecystectomy patients across all age groups and genders.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Surgery
Jonathan G. A. Koo, Yiong Huak Chan, Vishal G. Shelat
Summary: After analyzing 39 studies with 1784 cases of Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC), it was found that there are different risks of complications for patients post-surgery, with fenestrating LSC having more complications compared to reconstituting LSC.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Ahmad H. M. Nassar, Hisham El Zanati, Hwei J. Ng, Khurram S. Khan, Colin Wood
Summary: This study evaluated the difficulties leading to conversion during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, strategies to minimize this event, and the impact of subspecialization on conversion rates. Results showed that using salvage techniques such as fundus first cholecystectomy and subtotal cholecystectomy can reduce conversion rates and morbidity in difficult cholecystectomies.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Marcel Autran C. Machado, Bruno V. Mattos, Murillo Macedo Lobo Filho, Fabio Makdissi
Summary: This video shows the robotic treatment of a patient with incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The operation consisted of a robotic bisegmentectomy and a hilar lymphadenectomy. The results were successful with a smooth postoperative recovery.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Usman Y. Panni, Gregory A. Williams, Chet W. Hammill, Dominic E. Sanford, William G. Hawkins, Steven M. Strasberg
Summary: This study conducted a retrospective review of cholecystectomies performed by HPB surgeons at our center from 2005 to 2019. It found that encountering anatomical difficulties during the surgery was rare but aborting the procedure and referring the patient to an HPB center proved to be an effective bail-out strategy.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Jemma Mytton, Prita Daliya, Pritam Singh, Simon L. Parsons, Dileep N. Lobo, Richard Lilford, Ravinder S. Vohra
Summary: Over 50% of patients in England did not undergo cholecystectomy following index admission for acute cholecystitis. Mortality was higher in the nonoperated group, which was mostly due to non-gallbladder pathologies but total hospital admission time for biliary causes was lower over 12 months.
Review
Microbiology
Zhenyu Dong, Ruixian Shi, Pengda Li, Xiaobiao Song, Fan Dong, Jianmin Zhu, Riga Wu, Zhi Liang, Mingyue Du, Jijun Wang, Zhigang Yang
Summary: This article reviews the literature to summarize the research progress on the correlation between the occurrence of colorectal tumors after cholecystectomy, aiming to provide help for the prevention and treatment of colorectal tumors.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Zafar Ahmed Khan, Muhammed Uzayr Khan, Martin Brand
Summary: This study conducted a retrospective study of cholecystectomy specimens in patients with suspected gallstone disease in South Africa and found a high incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer, especially in older patients with acute inflammation and dysplasia.
Article
Surgery
Sam E. Mason, Eftychios Manoli, James L. Alexander, Liam Poynter, Lauren Ford, Petra Paizs, Afeez Adebesin, James S. McKenzie, Francesca Rosini, Rob Goldin, Ara Darzi, Zoltan Takats, James M. Kinross
Summary: This study used REIMS to analyze the lipid composition of colorectal tissues and evaluate its accuracy for real-time tissue recognition and risk stratification. The results showed that REIMS can differentiate samples of carcinoma, adenoma, and normal mucosa with 93.1% accuracy and 96.1% negative predictive value for carcinoma. It can also predict the presence of neoplasia (carcinoma or adenoma) with 96.0% accuracy and 91.8% negative predictive value. In addition, the study identified unique lipidomic features associated with colorectal carcinogenesis, such as the progressive increase in relative abundance of phosphatidylglycerols, sphingomyelins, and monounsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kyle Lam, Junhong Chen, Zeyu Wang, Fahad M. Iqbal, Ara Darzi, Benny Lo, Sanjay Purkayastha, James M. Kinross
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the literature on the use of machine learning (ML) for surgical skill assessment and found that Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were the most commonly used ML methods. Some studies used kinematic data, video or image data for assessment, and evaluated benchtop tasks, simulator tasks, and real-life surgery. Although there were variations between studies, accuracy rates of over 80% were achieved. Barriers to progress in the field included a focus on basic tasks, lack of standardization between studies, and lack of datasets. Future research should go beyond the assessment of basic tasks, focus on real-life surgery, and provide interpretable feedback with clinical value for surgeons.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Despoina Chrysostomou, Lauren A. Roberts, Julian R. Marchesi, James M. Kinross
Summary: Accumulating evidence supports the important role of the gut microbiome in cancer development and progression, as well as its influence on the efficacy and toxicity of cancer treatments. The microbiome is now being utilized to develop personalized therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. However, the development of a new model that incorporates gut microbial cometabolism of drugs is necessary for the successful translation of the microbiome into next-generation oncologic treatments. The objective of this review is to outline the current knowledge of oncologic pharmacomicrobiomics and propose innovative approaches to modulate the gut microbiome for improved therapy efficacy and reduced toxic effects.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Heidi Paine, Faye Jones, James Kinross
Summary: The bowel preparation before radical surgery is crucial for colorectal practice. However, the evidence for this intervention is inconsistent and of varied quality. Nevertheless, there is a global trend towards using oral antibiotics to reduce perioperative infective complications. The gut microbiome plays a vital role in the systemic inflammatory response, wound healing, and perioperative gut function, but the mechanisms through which bowel preparation and surgery affect the microbiome are still unclear.
CLINICS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Florine H. Zwezerijnen-Jiwa, Hugo Sivov, Petra Paizs, Konstantina Zafeiropoulou, James Kinross
Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may play a role in colorectal cancer development and can be used as a biomarker for early detection. This review provides an overview of published studies on the use of the microbiome as a screening tool for early colorectal cancer. A total of 28 studies were included, showing varying diagnostic performance of fecal bacteria-derived and co-metabolome-derived biomarkers. The findings suggest the potential of the gut microbiome as a complement to existing screening tools, but further research is needed before clinical implementation.
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
James M. Kinross
Article
Education & Educational Research
Payal Guha, Jason Lawson, Iona Minty, James Kinross, Guy Martin
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using Microsoft HoloLens 2 (HL2) as a tool for enhancing technical surgical skills training. A prospective feasibility study was conducted, with 36 novice medical students being trained using either a mixed reality HL2 tutorial or a standard video-based tutorial. The results showed that the HL2 group had significantly greater improvement in overall technical proficiency and a narrower range of scores, indicating better skill progression and consistency compared to the video group. Participant feedback also indicated higher satisfaction with the interactive and engaging nature of the HL2 technology.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
James L. Alexander, Joram M. Posma, Alasdair Scott, Liam Poynter, Sam E. Mason, M. Luisa Doria, Lili Herendi, Lauren Roberts, Julie A. K. McDonald, Simon Cameron, David J. Hughes, Vaclav Liska, Simona Susova, Pavel Soucek, Verena Horneffer-van Der Sluis, Maria Gomez-Romero, Matthew R. Lewis, Lesley Hoyles, Andrew Woolston, David Cunningham, Ara Darzi, Marco Gerlinger, Robert Goldin, Zoltan Takats, Julian R. Marchesi, Julian Teare, James Kinross
Summary: This study investigates the association between gut microbiota, metabolome, and colorectal cancer (CRC). The authors identify specific microbiota clusters, such as cluster 7 containing Fusobacterium nucleatum and Granulicatella adiacens, that are strongly associated with CRC and can predict favorable disease-free survival. They also find that cluster 1 containing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus gnavus is negatively associated with cancer and predicts worse disease-free survival. In addition, certain metabolic clusters show associations with CRC, such as Met 1 composed of fatty acids, ceramides, and lysophospholipids, which is negatively associated with CRC, and Met 2 composed of phosphatidylcholine species, nucleosides, and amino acids, which is strongly associated with CRC.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Ashlyn A. Stackhouse, Damir Rafi, Risheka Walls, Rebecca Dodd, Kerry Badger, Daniel J. Davies, Celia A. Brown, Adrian Cowell, Karim Meeran, Omid Halse, James Kinross, Martin Lupton, Elizabeth A. Hughes, Amir H. Sam
Summary: This study compared knowledge attainment and student enjoyment and engagement between clinical case vignette, patient-testimony videos and mixed reality (MR) teaching via the Microsoft HoloLens 2. The results showed that MR teaching is an effective and feasible method for large-scale clinical medicine education, but students preferred case-based tutorials.
ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jason Lawson, Guy Martin, Payal Guha, Matthew Gold, Amr Nimer, Sadie Syed, James Kinross
Summary: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of MR technology in enhancing emergency care delivery in a simulated environment. The results showed that MR technology significantly reduced errors, improved teamwork, and enhanced practitioner confidence.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Johan Vande Voorde, Rory T. Steven, Arafath K. Najumudeen, Catriona A. Ford, Alex Dexter, Ariadna Gonzalez-Fernandez, Chelsea J. Nikula, Yuchen Xiang, Lauren Ford, Stefania Maneta Stavrakaki, Kathryn Gilroy, Lucas B. Zeiger, Kathryn Pennel, Phimmada Hatthakarnkul, Efstathios A. Elia, Ammar Nasif, Teresa Murta, Eftychios Manoli, Sam Mason, Michael Gillespie, Tamsin R. M. Lannagan, Nikola Vlahov, Rachel A. Ridgway, Colin Nixon, Alexander Raven, Megan Mills, Dimitris Athineos, Georgios Kanellos, Craig Nourse, David M. Gay, Mark Hughes, Amy Burton, Bin Yan, Katherine Sellers, Vincen Wu, Kobe De Ridder, Engy Shokry, Alejandro Huerta Uribe, William Clark, Graeme Clark, Kristina Kirschner, Bernard Thienpont, Vivian S. W. Li, Oliver D. K. Maddocks, Simon T. Barry, Richard J. A. Goodwin, James Kinross, Joanne Edwards, Mariia O. Yuneva, David Sumpton, Zoltan Takats, Andrew D. Campbell, Josephine Bunch, Owen J. Sansom
Summary: In this study, the potential of untargeted metabolomics as a stratification tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. The researchers presented a comprehensive pipeline to uncover metabolic vulnerabilities in CRC based on its genetic origin. Perturbations in methionine metabolism linked to APC deficiency were observed, and adenosylhomocysteinase was identified as an actionable therapeutic target.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Opeyemi Atanda, Jonathan West, Tom Stables, Chris Johnson, Robert Merrifield, James Kinross
Summary: This systematic review examines the accuracy of infusion sets and devices and identifies factors that affect flow rate accuracy. The study finds significant variability in the accuracy of infusion devices and highlights the impact of physiological and mechanical factors. However, there is a lack of research on the clinical outcomes and patient safety implications of these findings.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Correction
Surgery
[Anonymous]
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
James Lewis, Alan Askari, Arihant Mehta, Yasmin Razak, Prash Patel, Ravi Misra, Henry Tilney, Tanveer Ahmed, Mooyad Ahmed, Adnan Syeed, John Camilleri-Brennan, Ralph John Nicholls, James Macalister Kinross
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of digital rectoscopy in primary care. The results showed that it is a feasible and acceptable method, with no serious adverse events reported. It also demonstrated the potential to reduce referrals and save costs.
Article
Oncology
Benjamin R. Challoner, Andrew Woolston, David Lau, Marta Buzzetti, Caroline Fong, Louise J. Barber, Gayathri Anandappa, Richard Crux, Ioannis Assiotis, Kerry Fenwick, Ruwaida Begum, Dipa Begum, Tom Lund, Nanna Sivamanoharan, Harold B. Sansano, Melissa Domingo-Arada, Amina Tran, Hardev Pandha, David Church, Bryony Eccles, Richard Ellis, Stephen Falk, Mark Hill, Daniel Krell, Nirupa Murugaesu, Luke Nolan, Vanessa Potter, Mark Saunders, Kai-Keen Shiu, Sebastian Guettler, James L. Alexander, Hector Lazare-Iglesias, James Kinross, Jamie Murphy, Katharina von Loga, David Cunningham, Ian Chau, Naureen Starling, Juan Ruiz-Banobre, Tony Dhillon, Marco Gerlinger
Summary: MMRd CRCs have high mutation burdens and pervasive ITH, but driver mutations show a clear hierarchy. Immune evasion (IE) drivers are mainly subclonal and show parallel evolution. IE drivers and T cell infiltrates coevolve. PD-L1 expression correlates with T cell density but is associated with loss of CDX2 expression, leading to a higher recurrence risk in MMRd CRCs.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
