Review
Toxicology
Anna J. van der Zalm, Joao Barroso, Patience Browne, Warren Casey, John Gordon, Tala R. Henry, Nicole C. Kleinstreuer, Anna B. Lowit, Monique Perron, Amy J. Clippinger
Summary: Robust and efficient processes are required to establish scientific confidence in new approach methodologies (NAMs), which need to be fit for purpose, reliable, and provide information relevant to human biology. Independent review and transparent communication are also necessary. This paper proposes a framework consisting of five essential elements to establish scientific confidence in NAMs for regulatory use.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Ross A. Jones, Jeremy W. Mortimer, Christopher S. G. Thompson, Saskia Clark-Stewart, Gemma Hogg, Shivank Keni, Victoria McCulloch, Abduelmenem Alashkham, Sameer Dhumale, Stephen J. Maclean, Mark Vella, Gordon S. Findlater, David W. Sinclair, Satheesh Yalamarthi, Thomas H. Gillingwater
Summary: Surgical anatomy is essential for safe surgical practice, and the establishment of a surgical anatomy program by the Scotland Deanery has provided comprehensive anatomy education for core surgical trainees. The program, utilizing lectures and interactive demonstrations, received positive evaluations from trainees across different teaching sessions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Jurriaan E. M. de Steenwinkel, Andreas H. Diacon, Ulrika S. H. Simonsson, Shashikant Srivastava, Sebastian G. Wicha
Summary: There is an increasing interest in studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-tuberculosis drugs. This is essential for optimizing treatment regimens and designing dosing strategies for new drugs. However, the translation of this research from bench to bedside is somewhat limited, possibly due to differences in methodologies and outcome assessments. In this paper, we summarize the most relevant studies on in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-tuberculosis drugs. We discuss different assessment methods and their importance in improving the comparison between studies and accelerating progress in the field.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. S. L. R. P. Marasinghe, R. M. R. Nilanthi, H. A. B. M. Hathurusinghe, M. G. C. Sooriyabandara, C. H. W. M. R. B. Chandrasekara, K. A. N. C. Jayawardana, M. M. Kodagoda, R. C. Rajapakse, P. C. G. Bandaranayake
Summary: Microsatellite markers have played a significant role in elephant research over the past 20 years, but concerns have been raised regarding the specificity of traditionally developed markers. Experimental results suggest potential cross-amplification of unspecific products when field-collected dung samples are utilized for analysis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Daniel A. London, Lisa A. Royse
Summary: Orthopaedic trainees face a complex and challenging training environment that is currently becoming more competency driven. The introduction and use of technologically driven surgical training augments are increasing, and it is important to optimize their use by targeting learners' experience level and managing cognitive load.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Milka Ivanova, Dorina-Maria Buda, Elisa Burrai
Summary: This article discusses the emphasis on qualitative research methods in tourism studies, highlighting the importance of disruption before progress can be made. The authors explore multidimensional, multilogical and multiemotional research methods, as well as how to innovate and disrupt prevalent narratives in tourism research.
TOURISM GEOGRAPHIES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Ronghui Xu, Guanhua Chen, Michael Connor, James Murphy
Summary: This article reviews different applications of incorporating individual patient variables into clinical research in oncology. The methods discussed range from traditional use of baseline covariates to generalize results, to considering treatment effects heterogeneity and individualized treatment rules. The article also discusses newer statistical research that is likely to impact future oncology research.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Felipe Goncalves, Mariana Ribeiro, Raquel Correa, Rubia Silva, Bernardo Braga, Breno Maia, Roberto Tavares, Daniel Carvalho, Johannes Schenk
Summary: Physical models are commonly used in the development of BOF process, ensuring similarity in laboratory and industry through geometric, kinematic, and dynamic similarities. Precise measurements and methodologies are critical in cold modeling, with this paper providing a review of measurement methodologies for BOF cold modeling and describing methodologies developed at Processes Simulation Laboratory (LaSiP).
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhen Liu, Xingyu Gu, Chunying Wu, Hua Ren, Zhou Zhou, Shi Tang
Summary: This paper proposes a method of combining indoor experiments with finite element simulations to analyze the validity of strain sensors in asphalt pavement. The results show that FE simulation is feasible for simulating strain in asphalt mixtures with sensors, and FBG sensors are more suitable for measuring horizontal strain. The effectiveness of FE simulation is also demonstrated in long-term dynamic loading tests.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Yang, Yu Deng, Lei Liu, Xiaole Yin, Xiaoqing Xu, Dou Wang, Tong Zhang
Summary: Breakthroughs in DNA-based technologies have enhanced researchers' ability to explore environmental microbiome. However, the diversification and heterogeneity of metagenomic workflows pose challenges. This study quantified microbial profiling variations caused by technical variables and suggested the development of an environmental reference material to ensure reliable and reproducible sequencing outputs. The study also highlighted the importance of DNA isolation and sequencing library construction in minimizing variations, while DNA extraction kits and sequencing run batch were found to be major sources of variability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
ShaoLi Lyu, Wang Wang
Summary: The study systematically investigated the interactions between AST and HSA, revealing that AST could reduce the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through static quenching and non-radiative energy transfer. The major binding forces involved in the process were hydrogen bond, van der Walls force, and hydrophobic interaction.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sean Paul Teeling, Michelle McGuirk, Martin McNamara, Marie McGroarty, Aileen Igoe
Summary: The authors discuss the application of Lean Six Sigma methodology to improve surgical pathways, resulting in sustainable improvements in patient outcomes and satisfaction. They describe the origin of Lean Six Sigma and its relevance to surgical care. The methodology's elements for redesigning surgical pathways include customer voice, co-design, system awareness, and continuous improvement. Successful implementation requires managerial support, quality education, and alignment with organizational strategy. Failure to recognize and enact key elements and lacking necessary conditions will hinder sustainable improvements.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Vera Hillemans, Xander van de Mortel, Otmar Buyne, Bas H. Verhoeven, Sanne M. B. I. Botden
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the construct validity of a low-cost, easily accessible tracking technique for basic open suturing tasks. The findings showed significant differences in time, distance, and motion smoothness between novice and expert groups in all four suturing tasks when tracking index finger movements using SurgTrac software on a simulator.
MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mikko Uimonen, Ilari Kuitunen, Oskari Pakarinen, Matias Vaajala, Rasmus Liukkonen, Hannes Tukiainen, Ville Ponkilainen
Summary: This study examined the methodological basis behind the conclusions of PROM validation studies. The results revealed that PROM studies often had insufficient sample sizes and focused on a limited number of validity subfields, raising concerns about the deterministic conclusions regarding the validity of PROMs.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
N. Cheimarios, G. Kokkoris, A. G. Boudouvis
Summary: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a well-established process for producing thin solid films for industrial and scientific applications for over 30 years. It is a multiscale process involving both cm to m scale reactors and micro-/nano- to atomic-scale deposited films. Various multiscale models and methodologies have been proposed over the years for the design, analysis, and optimization of the CVD process.
ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2021)