Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Anle WANG, Martin H. MUESER
Summary: A recent study investigated the adhesion between an elastic body and a smooth, rigid substrate, and found that the surface roughness suppresses adhesion. Simulations revealed that the pull-off force is influenced by different contact patches, resulting in up to four different regimes of adhesion. The study highlights the importance of considering both local and global parameters in understanding adhesion between materials.
Article
Parasitology
Alexander D. Cook, Mark Carrington, Matthew K. Higgins
Summary: This article reviews decades of evidence on the effect of complement on African trypanosomes, focusing on the discovery of a trypanosome receptor for complement C3. It critically assesses three recent studies that attempt to provide a structural and mechanistic view of how this receptor helps trypanosomes survive in the presence of complement.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Guillaume Holzer, Wolfram Antonin
Summary: Nup50 is a component of the nuclear pore complex localized to the nuclear side of the pore and in the nucleoplasm. It interacts with and stimulates RCC1, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ran, potentially contributing to nuclear transport, gene expression, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage repair.
Article
Mathematics
Sergei Abramovich
Summary: This paper reflects on the author's collaboration with students in undergraduate and graduate elementary mathematics courses, focusing on the diversity of mathematical ideas and the use of Wolfram Alpha in teaching. Reflective comments from students illustrate the author's experiences in mathematics teacher education. The teaching ideas shared in the paper may be of interest to instructors looking to explore elementary mathematics in depth with teacher candidates.
Review
Immunology
Le Xiong, Stephen L. L. Nutt, Cyril Seillet
Summary: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) serve as a link between sensory cells and effector cells, contributing to tissue homeostasis and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Studying the non-canonical functions of these cells provides insights into their regulation and adaptability.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Information Science & Library Science
Gustavo Herminio Salati Marcondes de Moraes, Bruno Fischer, Sergio Salles-Filho, Dirk Meissner, Marina Dabic
Summary: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of scientific capabilities and strategic R&D on KIE performance and identify different configurations that can lead to high performance. Human capital is found to be a core condition for success in KIE.
JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. Ichimura, T. Kakizuka, K. Horikawa, K. Seiriki, A. Kasai, H. Hashimoto, K. Fujita, T. M. Watanabe, T. Nagai
Summary: In biological systems, minority cells can have drastic effects on the entire multicellular system. Understanding the mechanisms behind these phenomena requires observing the spatiotemporal dynamics of a large population of cells at sub-cellular resolution, which is made possible with the imaging system AMATERAS. This system allows for high-resolution imaging and high cell-throughput, enabling the detection of rare cells and observation of multicellular events induced by them.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Business
Aaron H. Anglin, Shane W. Reid, Jeremy C. Short
Summary: Scholars in entrepreneurship argue that effective storytelling plays a critical role in the fundraising process. However, there has been limited research on how including core story elements, such as characters, plot, or setting, affects fundraising effectiveness. This study draws from narrative theory and narrative analysis research to examine how the inclusion of fundamental story elements impacts fundraising in 359 crowdfunding campaigns. Utilizing fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, the study identifies five storytelling configurations that result in superior funding performance. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of storytelling in resource acquisition and have both theoretical and practical implications.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao-Yang Wei, David A. Collings, David W. McCurdy
Summary: This study reveals the regulatory mechanisms of wall ingrowth deposition during the development of phloem parenchyma transfer cells (PP TCs) in Arabidopsis. It identifies NAC056 and NAC018 as potential regulators of wall ingrowth deposition, with single-cell RNA-seq analysis confirming the specific expression of NAC056 in PP. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of UmamiT family amino acid efflux carriers in this process.
Article
Oncology
Medard F. M. van den Broek, Sonja Levy, Wieneke A. Buikhuisen, Kim Dijke, Koen J. Hartemink, Rachel S. van Leeuwaarde, Menno R. Vriens, Margot E. T. Tesselaar, Gerlof D. Valk
Summary: This study compared the disease course and survival outcomes of sporadic bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (sp-bpNET), MEN1-related, and DIPNECH-related bpNET. The results showed that patients with sp-bpNET had significantly higher disease-specific mortality compared to MEN1 or DIPNECH-related bpNET, suggesting that not all bpNET are similar entities.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ute Jandt, Helge Bruelheide, Florian Jansen, Aletta Bonn, Volker Grescho, Reinhard A. Klenke, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Markus Bernhardt-Roemermann, Volker Blueml, Jurgen Dengler, Martin Diekmann, Inken Doerfler, Ute Doering, Stefan Dullinger, Sylvia Haider, Thilo Heinken, Peter Horchler, Gisbert Kuhn, Martin Lindner, Katrin Metze, Norbert Mueller, Tobias Naaf, Cord Peppler-Lisbach, Peter Poschlod, Christiane Roscher, Gert Rosenthal, Sabine B. Rumpf, Wolfgang Schmidt, Joachim Schrautzer, Angelika Schwabe, Peter Schwartze, Thomas Sperle, Nils Stanik, Christian Storm, Winfried Voigt, Uwe Wegener, Karsten Wesche, Burghard Wittig, Monika Wulf
Summary: Long-term analyses suggest substantial turnover of species in biological communities over the past century, while changes in species richness remain marginal. Decrements in species cover are more common than increments, leading to potential losses of species at both local and regional scales.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Anita Keshmirian, Ophelia Deroy, Bahador Bahrami
Summary: Moral judgments are influenced by social interactions, with collective judgments tending to be more utilitarian than individual judgments. This is likely because group deliberation and consensus reduce the emotional burden of norm violation.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Juan Vargas S. Soto, Eleanor J. Flatt, Andrew Whitworth, Roberto Salom-Perez, Deiver Espinoza-Munoz, Peter K. Molnar
Summary: Camera-traps are commonly used for studying wildlife abundance and population density. Newer methods allow estimation of density for unmarked species, but their effectiveness needs further testing and comparison. This study compares methods for marked and unmarked species to estimate the population density of ocelots in the Osa peninsula, Costa Rica.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Justin Chak Ting Cheung, Guangzheng Deng, Nathalie Wong, Yujuan Dong, Simon Siu Man Ng
Summary: Besides transcription, RNA molecules can be enzymatically modified to affect the biological functions of organisms, known as epitranscriptomics. The most widely studied modifications in epitranscriptomics are on adenosine (A), while modifications on other nucleotides are relatively fewer. It has been found that epitranscriptomic modifications also play a role in the signaling of ferroptosis, although the exact connection is still unclear.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Aran Incharoensakdi
Summary: Botryococcus sp. was utilized as feedstock for ethanol and methyl ester production, showing high efficiency and yield through sugar recovery optimization and in situ transesterification. In addition to methyl ester production, valuable by-products were formed, indicating the potential of Botryococcus sp. for biofuels production in microalgae biorefinery.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea L. Koenigsberg, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2018)
Article
Microbiology
Adam T. Hilterbrand, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Article
Biology
Elizabeth B. Draganova, Jiayan Zhang, Z. Hong Zhou, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Article
Microbiology
Adam T. Hilterbrand, Raecliffe E. Daly, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: This study investigates the impact of four essential entry glycoproteins of HSV-1 on cellular tropism and entry pathways, showing significant differences in cellular tropism compared to wild-type HSV-1. Additionally, the study demonstrates the contribution of other envelope proteins, such as gC, to entry efficiency in different cell types, suggesting a potential gain-of-function role for HSV-1 envelope proteins in entry.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth B. Draganova, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: Herpesviruses infect a majority of the human population, establishing lifelong latent infections with no cure, and periodic viral reactivation spreads infection while causing disease states that are particularly harmful in the immunocompromised. The viral replication and spread of infection rely on the nuclear egress complex (NEC), which helps translocate viral capsids and mature them into infectious virions. Peptides derived from the UL25 capsid protein have been shown to inhibit the membrane-budding activity of the NEC, providing a potential new avenue for developing inhibitors against herpesvirus replication.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Michael K. Thorsen, Alex Lai, Michelle W. Lee, David P. Hoogerheide, Gerard C. L. Wong, Jack H. Freed, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: The viral nuclear egress complex (NEC) mediates the escape of herpesvirus capsids from the nucleus by deforming the membrane, primarily through highly basic membrane-proximal regions (MPRs) that alter lipid order and promote negative curvature. Phosphorylation of an MPR by a viral kinase inhibits membrane-budding activity. Understanding these interactions could lead to therapeutic strategies against herpesvirus infections.
Review
Virology
Gonzalo L. Gonzalez-Del Pino, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: Herpesviruses are a group of DNA viruses that infect various animals, including humans. They enter cells by fusing their envelope with the host cell membrane. The glycoprotein gH/gL plays a crucial role in interacting with host cell receptors and antibodies.
Review
Virology
Elizabeth B. Draganova, Jonathan Valentin, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: Comparing the capsid structures, assembly mechanisms, and functions of capsid proteins across different subfamilies of human herpesviruses reveals significant differences. Understanding these differences can help in finding new therapeutic approaches.
Article
Microbiology
Zemplen Pataki, Andrea Rebolledo Viveros, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects the majority of humans and causes a wide range of diseases, but the interaction mechanism of its viral glycoproteins has not been fully understood. This study found that the glycoproteins form complexes before viral fusion and interact at a steady level throughout the process, independent of the presence of cellular receptors. A revised model of HSV-1 entry is proposed, suggesting that all 4 glycoproteins assemble into a complex before fusion, facilitating the transmission of the entry-triggering signal. This research provides insights into the protein interaction mechanism and could contribute to the development of therapeutics.
Article
Microbiology
Michael K. Thorsen, Elizabeth B. Draganova, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: Herpesviruses translocate their capsids from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by a mechanism called nuclear egress, which involves capsid budding at the inner nuclear membrane. The viral nuclear egress complex (NEC) mediates this process and deforms the membrane around the capsid. Most previous studies have focused on the NEC homologs from alpha- and betaherpesviruses, with less known about the NEC from gammaherpesviruses. In this study, the crystal structure of the NEC from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a gammaherpesvirus, was determined and its membrane budding properties were investigated in vitro. The EBV NEC exhibits structural flexibility and forms coats of different geometry, suggesting a distinct mechanism of membrane budding.
Article
Microbiology
Zemplen Pataki, Erin K. Sanders, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: The entry of herpesviruses is mediated by the viral fusogen gB, which is activated by its partner protein gH. It has been proposed that the cytoplasmic domain of gB acts as an inhibitory clamp, restraining gB in the prefusion conformation, and how gH releases this clamp is unclear. This study identified a surface pocket in the gB cytoplasmic domain and a residue in the gH cytoplasmic tail that interact with each other, suggesting a mechanism where gH pushes the gB protomers apart to release the inhibitory clamp and activate the fusogenic activity of gB.
Correction
Microbiology
Zemplen Pataki, Andrea Rebolledo Viveros, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Article
Microbiology
J. Martin Ramirez, Ariana C. Calderon-Zavala, Ariane Balaram, Ekaterina E. Heldwein, Thomas Shenk
Summary: By reconstituting HSV-1 fusion with synthetic lipid vesicles in vitro, we have identified the key factors required for efficient fusion and proposed a potential co-trigger for HSV-1 fusion. This in vitro fusion system provides a valuable tool for further investigation of HSV-1-mediated membrane fusion.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elizabeth B. Draganova, Michael K. Thorsen, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: During viral replication, herpesviruses use a unique strategy called nuclear egress to translocate capsids from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, involving multiple budding and fusion steps. The nuclear egress complex (NEC), consisting of viral proteins UL31 and UL34, plays a crucial role in mediating this process. Other viral proteins may be involved in regulating NEC-mediated budding during infection.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Andrea L. Koenigsberg, Jared D. Pitts, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
