Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neil B. Metcalfe, Mats Olsson
Summary: This review highlights the dynamic processes of ROS production, telomeric DNA damage, and DNA repair, emphasizing the trade-off between energetic efficiency and telomere protection. Mitochondrial features and ATP production efficiency play crucial roles in maintaining DNA integrity and telomere dynamics, with implications for individual variation and adaptation to changing environmental contexts.
Article
Cell Biology
Sunad Rangarajan, Morgan L. Locy, Diptiman Chanda, Ashish Kurundkar, Deepali Kurundkar, Jennifer L. Larson-Casey, Pilar Londono, Rushita A. Bagchi, Brian Deskin, Hanan Elajaili, Eva S. Nozik, Jessy S. Deshane, Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski, Oliver Eickelberg, Victor J. Thannickal
Summary: This study provides evidence that elevated levels of the mitochondrial protein UCP2 are associated with age-related diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. UCP2 is shown to contribute to the generation of reactive oxygen species and altered cellular bioenergetics, as well as induce myofibroblast senescence. The findings suggest that targeting UCP2 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for age-related diseases associated with impaired tissue regeneration and organ fibrosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David F. Carrageta, Lais Freire-Brito, Barbara Guerra-Carvalho, Joao C. Ribeiro, Bruno S. Monteiro, Alberto Barros, Pedro F. Oliveira, Mariana P. Monteiro, Marco G. Alves
Summary: UCPs play a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial activity and ROS production. The expression and function of UCPs in human spermatozoa have been investigated, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of male infertility.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chen Feng, Etienne Empweb Anger, Xiong Zhang, Shengdi Su, Chenlin Su, Shuxin Zhao, Feng Yu, Ji Li
Summary: This study suggests that UCP2 may protect HK-2 cells from the toxicity induced by AA I, and reduce the toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. UCP2 could be a potential target for alleviating AA I-induced nephrotoxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carla Igual Gil, Alina Loeser, Kristina Lossow, Maria Schwarz, Daniela Weber, Tilman Grune, Anna P. Kipp, Susanne Klaus, Mario Ost
Summary: The temporal dynamics of cell-autonomous and endocrine ISR signaling under skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling were investigated. The study found that muscle ISR increased during the active phase, with a subsequent peak in circulating FGF21 and GDF15 during the early resting phase. The highest levels of muscle oxidative defense were observed between the late active to early resting phase.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Bianca R. Villa, Antis G. George, Timothy E. Shutt, Patrick G. Sullivan, Jong M. Rho, G. Campbell Teskey
Summary: Prolonged severe hypoxia following seizures is a mechanism for negative postictal manifestations. Arteriole vasoconstriction accounts for 50% of postictal hypoxia, but the remaining cause is unclear. Modulating mitochondrial function with drugs such as DNP can improve oxygen levels in the hippocampus and reduce postictal hypoxia. Antioxidants protect the brain from cognitive deficits associated with postictal hypoxia. These findings highlight the metabolic component of oxygen deprivation after seizures and suggest that mild mitochondrial uncoupling may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Colin J. Barnstable, Mingliang Zhang, Joyce Tombran-Tink
Summary: Most major retinal degenerative diseases are linked to oxidative stress, with mitochondria being a major contributor through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). UCP2, a member of the uncoupling protein family, can modulate ROS production by regulating the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Control of UCP2 expression and activity at multiple levels makes it a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rahul Kumar, T. Amruthanjali, Siva Singothu, Shashi Bala Singh, Vasundhra Bhandari
Summary: Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) play a critical role in regulating mitochondrial function and preventing neuronal loss and death, making them a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qianqian Zhuang, Fengfeng Guo, Lei Fu, Yufei Dong, Shaofang Xie, Xue Ding, Shuangyi Hu, Xuanhao D. Zhou, Yangwei Jiang, Hui Zhou, Yue Qiu, Zhaoying Lei, Mengyao Li, Huajian Cai, Mingjie Fan, Lingjie Sang, Yong Fu, Dong Zhang, Aifu Lin, Xu Li, Tilo Kunath, Ruhong Zhou, Ping Liang, Zhong Liu, Qingfeng Yan
Summary: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young individuals. In this study, a compound called 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) was found to rescue mitochondrial function in HCM cells by promoting the oligomerization of optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1) and reconstructing the mitochondrial cristae. DNJ also improved the physiological properties of HCM cells and alleviated cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of HCM and offer a potential therapeutic strategy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaolei Sun, Hang Chen, Rifeng Gao, Ya Huang, Yanan Qu, Heng Yang, Xiang Wei, Shiyu Hu, Jian Zhang, Peng Wang, Yunzeng Zou, Kai Hu, Junbo Ge, Aijun Sun
Summary: Mitochondrial transplantation can inhibit doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by directly supplying functional mitochondria, improving cardiomyocyte function, and reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress. Mitochondria from various sources all exert similar cardioprotective effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ernesto Martinez-Martinez, Joaquin Fernandez-Irigoyen, Enrique Santamaria, Maria Luisa Nieto, Jose Manuel Bravo-San Pedro, Victoria Cachofeiro
Summary: This study used a proteomic approach to investigate the potential mediators involved in the improvement of cardiac fibrosis in obese rats treated with the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoQ. The results showed that obesity altered the expression of 33 proteins, including those related to ER stress and oxidative stress. Treatment with MitoQ prevented the increase of cardiac transthyretin (TTR) levels in obese animals, which was associated with the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker BiP and fibrosis. TTR was found to stimulate collagen I production and BiP in cardiac fibroblasts, and this upregulation was prevented by MitoQ.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruno S. Monteiro, Lais Freire-Brito, David F. Carrageta, Pedro F. Oliveira, Marco G. Alves
Summary: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are transmembrane proteins that play a crucial role in cellular bioenergetic metabolism and are closely associated with diseases such as diabesity. They regulate processes such as membrane potential by acting as proton channels, influencing physiological mechanisms.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Takako Yao, Tsutomu Fujimura, Kimie Murayama, Ko Okumura, Yoshinori Seko
Summary: Oxidative stress induces apoptosis in cardiac myocytes, and ORAIP is a secreted protein specifically expressed in cardiac myocytes. Administration of doxorubicin significantly increases plasma levels of ORAIP, and neutralizing antibodies can suppress apoptosis in cardiac myocytes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Amol Arunrao Pohane, Caleb R. Carr, Jaishree Garhyan, Benjamin M. Swarts, M. Sloan Siegrist
Summary: Mycobacteria undergo mycomembrane remodeling under stress conditions, which includes synthesis and turnover. In the absence of trehalose recycling, there is ATP depletion, enhanced respiration, and oxidative stress. Energy-expensive macromolecule biosynthesis triggered in the absence of recycling may be a new paradigm for boosting host activity against bacterial pathogens.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Farshid Maleki, Shahram Rabbani, Reza Shirkoohi, Mohsen Rezaei
Summary: Intravenous mitochondrial transplantation can reduce doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation, and increasing ATP and antioxidant enzymes levels, thereby reducing apoptosis and necrosis in heart tissue.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jude M. Taylor, Amy Li, Craig S. McLachlan
Summary: Obesity is associated with changes in immune cell subpopulations. Our study found differences in immune cell populations and gene expression between liver and peripheral blood, indicating that the immune phenotype in the liver differs from the obese peripheral circulation.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Taryn Chalmers, Blake Anthony Hickey, Phillip Newton, Chin-Teng Lin, David Sibbritt, Craig S. McLachlan, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, John Morley, Sara Lal
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether changes in heart rate variability can predict the quality of response to acute stress, and whether baseline stress levels can affect the changes in heart rate variability. Although no ubiquitous patterns were found, novel changes were identified between resting and stress states.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Taryn Chalmers, Shamona Eaves, Ty Lees, Chin-Teng Lin, Phillip J. Newton, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Craig S. McLachlan, Sylvia M. Gustin, Sara Lal
Summary: This study explores the relationship between neurocognitive parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) in nurses during acute stress situations. The findings show differences in cognitive performance and HRV parameters between nurses and non-nurses, highlighting the potential use of HRV markers in relation to cognitive performance and autonomic dysfunction.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Brian Bicknell, Ann Liebert, Craig S. McLachlan, Hosen Kiat
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the changes in gut microbiome composition in Parkinson's patients after photobiomodulation therapy, and found positive changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, which is a proxy for gut health.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ashley Hillsley, Vanessa Chin, Amy Li, Craig S. McLachlan
Summary: Resveratrol as a weight loss supplement in obese individuals has shown potential, but the effectiveness is difficult to assess due to variability in trial design. This study evaluated the design elements of randomized control trials of resveratrol interventions in obesity with weight loss as the outcome, and found discrepancies in participant inclusion criteria, interventional design, and primary outcome measures.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Taryn Chalmers, Blake A. Hickey, Philip Newton, Chin-Teng Lin, David Sibbritt, Craig S. McLachlan, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, John W. Morley, Sara Lal
Summary: This study investigated the links between short-term sleep quality and duration, and heart rate variability in healthy individuals. The results showed that heart rate variability during stress tasks was inversely related to impaired sleep.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hang Truong, Craig Steven McLachlan
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a need for employee mental health solutions, leading to a rapid growth in digital health platforms offering clinical mental health services. However, the majority of these platforms fail to adequately support management communication for mental health solutions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brian Bicknell, Ann Liebert, Thomas Borody, Geoffrey Herkes, Craig McLachlan, Hosen Kiat
Summary: The human gut microbiome, which contains a large number of bacteria, has the potential to greatly impact metabolism locally and systemically. A healthy and diverse microbiome is associated with overall health, while an imbalanced microbiome is linked to various diseases. There is a strong connection between the gut and the brain, particularly in maintaining brain health and the development of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. This suggests that the gut microbiome can be used for early diagnosis and as a therapeutic target for these diseases. Additionally, there is also a link between the microbiome-gut-brain axis and other neurological diseases. Traditional methods and novel treatments such as fecal microbiome transplants and photobiomodulation are being discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marjana Petrova, Alex Gavino, Yujie Li, Craig S. McLachlan
Summary: Carotid stiffness is associated with the development of carotid artery disease and is an independent factor for stroke and dementia. This pilot study aimed to investigate the associations between carotid stiffness parameters derived by ultrasound echo tracking and the presence of carotid plaques in Australian rural adults. The results suggest that unilateral carotid stiffness is associated with the presence of carotid plaques.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Claire McGee, Ann Liebert, Brian Bicknell, Vincent Pang, Vivian Isaac, Craig S. McLachlan, Hosen Kiat, Geoffrey Herkes
Summary: Emerging evidence supports the use of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) for improving symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD). A triple blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted to analyze the safety and efficacy of tPBM for PD motor symptoms. The results showed that tPBM is a safe treatment and improved several PD motor symptoms in patients that responded to treatment, making it an attractive non-pharmaceutical adjunct therapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Craig S. McLachlan, Hang Truong
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of stress for employees. Employers are interested in using third party sensor-based devices to monitor employee stress. However, these devices may not accurately measure stress due to residual autonomic dysfunction caused by COVID. A study exploring commercial technology platforms that offer heart rate variability for stress detection found that most companies did not consider the impact of cardiac autonomic dysfunction or specify the type of stress being measured. Managers should carefully consider the accuracy of HRV for stress management during COVID.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jude Taylor, Anna C. Y. Yeung, Anthony Ashton, Alen Faiz, Victor Guryev, Bernard Fang, Sean Lal, Mark Grosser, Cristobal G. dos Remedios, Filip Braet, Craig S. McLachlan, Amy Li
Summary: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare form of acute onset heart failure that can occur in otherwise healthy pregnant women around the time of delivery. This study compared the gene expression profiles of end-stage PPCM patients to female dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients and healthy donors, revealing commonalities in metabolic pathways and extracellular matrix remodeling between PPCM and DCM. However, there were also unique gene expression patterns in PPCM related to golgi vesicles biogenesis and immune cell populations, suggesting potential targets for disease-specific interventions.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Samuel V. Feeney, Raymond Lui, Davy Guan, Slade Matthews
Summary: This study demonstrated the potential of using multiple instance learning (MIL) models to predict Ames mutagenicity, showing its ability to accurately predict mutagenic outcomes and perform well on hard-to-predict molecule groups.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Raymond Lui, Davy Guan, Slade Matthews
Summary: The Ames test is a reliable method to assess the mutagenic potential of chemicals by using Salmonella typhimurium strains with and without S9 fraction. Multitask deep learning, which involves joint training of multiple predictive tasks, shows improved prediction accuracy for Ames test. This study demonstrates that grouping tasks based on mutagenic and metabolic mechanisms, along with multitask neural networks, further enhances the predictivity of Ames test, allowing for more transparent and accurate mutagenicity prediction.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Ann Liebert, Vincent Pang, Brian Bicknell, Craig McLachlan, John Mitrofanis, Hosen Kiat
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between opsins and photobiomodulation, discussing the effects of different opsins on ion channel function, central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the potential clinical implications of photobiomodulation in health maintenance and treatment of chronic diseases.
PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY
(2022)
