Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shaofei Li, Huazhi Gu, Ao Huang, Yongshun Zou, Shuang Yang, Lvping Fu
Summary: Hydrogen-based direct reducing iron production (H-DRI) is a promising method for energy saving and emission reduction in metallurgical industries. This study investigated the thermodynamics and process of reducing iron ores by pure hydrogen gas (H-2) at different temperatures, and explored the influence of temperature and ore species on the microstructure evolution of metallic iron.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
S. Arya Gopal, Anuroop Edathiparambil Poulose, Chandran Sudakar, Azhagumuthu Muthukrishnan
Summary: The study shows that Fe2O3 plays a crucial role in ORR, being able to increase the current density and electron number of the reaction. The presence of Fe2O3 decreases the free energy of O-2 adsorption and reduces the energy barrier for the reduction reaction.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qiming Tang, Kevin Huang
Summary: Green Steel is a new technology that uses renewable derived Green Hydrogen to produce steel and achieve zero carbon emissions. This study investigates the kinetics of iron ore reduction and finds that the one-step reduction reactions follow the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami phase transformation model.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lin Lo, Zhen-Jie Yang, Yi-Chan Hung, Pin-Yo Tseng, Mikihiro Nomura, Yi-Feng Lin, Chechia Hu
Summary: A Fe3O4-based aerogel was successfully prepared and showed high visible light-assisted Fenton-oxidation and reduction activities upon Ag loading, which are significant for benzoic acid removal and 4-aminophenol production. The Ag-loaded Fe3O4-based aerogel with unique mesoporous structure and high active sites provides efficient oxidation and reduction reactions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianliang Zhang, Yang Li, Zhengjian Liu, Tengfei Wang, Yaozu Wang, Kejiang Li, Guilin Wang, Tao Xu, Yong Zhang
Summary: Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the reduction process of solid/liquid wustite by hydrogen. Results show that wustite in both states can be reduced entirely at all temperatures. The thermal and kinetic conditions for the hydrogen reduction of molten phases are better than those when the reactants and products are in the solid state, with a higher reaction rate. The hydrogen reduction of different wustite phases fits the Mampel Power model well, and this model is independent of the phase state.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuai Wang, Li-Hong Deng, Yi-Fei Du, Xian-Liang Song
Summary: Efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) species accessibility to catalyst surface is crucial for catalysis, and can be achieved by engineering the structure and morphology of catalyst supports. The 3D rGO/CB/rGO network, as a unique catalyst-loading platform, demonstrates efficient transport of ORR-species to each catalytic site, leading to significant improvements in cell performance. The synergistic effect of rGO and carbon black, as well as pi-pi interaction between rGO and TFePc, play important roles in achieving a high power density of 0.86 mWcm(-2) for TFePc/rGO/CB-3 in practical cells.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bernd Gamisch, Lea Huber, Matthias Gaderer, Belal Dawoud
Summary: This work investigates the kinetic mechanisms of redox reactions of iron oxide/iron pellets and finds that the shrinking core model excellently describes the measured kinetic results. The oxidation reaction is less affected by temperature compared to the reduction process, while the concentration of the reacting gas has a significant impact on the oxidation reaction rate constant.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bernd Gamisch, Matthias Gaderer, Belal Dawoud
Summary: This study investigates the redox reaction kinetics on iron oxide pellets under different operating conditions of thermochemical hydrogen storage. The iron oxide pellets showed stable redox performance, demonstrating potential for applications in urban areas as day-night or seasonal storage for green hydrogen.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Letter
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Wang, Yian Wang, Chao Cai, Yushen Liu, Duojie Wu, Maoyu Wang, Menghao Li, Xianbin Wei, Minhua Shao, Meng Gu
Summary: The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a promising alternative route to produce ammonia (NH3) sustainably. Cu-doped Fe3O4 flakes are fabricated and demonstrated to be excellent catalysts for electrochemical conversion of NO3- to NH3, with high Faradaic efficiencies and NH3 yields. Theoretical calculations show that Cu doping facilitates the reaction thermodynamically. These results highlight the feasibility of improving NO3RR activity using heteroatom doping strategies.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jia-Qi Lv, Zhong-Ling Lang, Jia-Qi Fu, Qiao Lan, Rongji Liu, Hong-Ying Zang, Yang-Guang Li, Ding-Ding Ye, Carsten Streb
Summary: In this study, the authors report the significant enhancement of ORR-performance of commercial platinum-on-carbon electrocatalysts when operated in aqueous electrolyte solutions containing iron oxide clusters. The study provides initial insights into the role of the iron oxide cluster in improving ORR-performance and demonstrates its technological deployment in a direct formate microfluidic fuel cell.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiao bin Gao, Yucheng Wang, Weicheng Xu, Huan Huang, Kuangmin Zhao, Hong Ye, Zhi-You Zhou, Nanfeng Zheng, Shi-Gang Sun
Summary: Metallic particles can inhibit the demetalation of Fe SACSs by acting as electron donors and strengthening the Fe-N bond, thereby preventing electrochemical Fe dissolution. Different types, forms, and contents of metal particles have varying effects on the Fe-N bond strength. Screening a particle-assisted Fe SACS resulted in a 78% reduction in Fe dissolution and enabled continuous operation for up to 430 hours in a fuel cell.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Quentin Fradet, Mohammed Liaket Ali, Uwe Riedel
Summary: An improved porous solid model is proposed to address the issues in the reduction process of iron ore pellets, and it is integrated into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) environment. The model offers wide flexibility and can be used for simulating industrial-scale reactors.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dan Li, Jieyi Sun, Yin Zhong, Huanheng Zhang, Heli Wang, Yirong Deng, Ping'an Peng
Summary: The reactivity of iron sulfide (FeS) towards hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was studied under various conditions. Factors such as temperature, pH, inorganic ions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were found to affect the reduction of HBCD by FeS. The surface-mediated reaction was determined to be the rate-limiting step in the reduction process. pH and inorganic ions influenced the Fe(II)-S and bulk S(-II) on the FeS surface, which regulated the HBCD reduction. Some DOMs hindered the reduction by competing with HBCD for active sites on the FeS surface, while certain additives significantly enhanced the reduction rate. The research findings provide insights into the performance of FeS in complex conditions and its application in remediation sites.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lixin Sun, Shuhong Huang, Xinyan Zhao, Ling Li, Xiaohui Zhao, Wenming Zhang
Summary: In this study, researchers prepared a composite material of Co9S8 and FeS2 nanoparticles embedded on N-doped carbon nanofibers, which exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance in secondary zinc-air batteries. The composite material showed significantly better catalytic performance compared to single-component materials, mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the two transition-metal sulfides and structure optimization. The batteries assembled using this composite material demonstrated high peak power density and stability, outperforming those based on commercial precious-metal-based catalysts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jong-Hoon Kim, Tian-Yi Dai, Mihyun Yang, Jeong-Min Seo, Jae Seong Lee, Do Hyung Kweon, Xing-You Lang, Kyuwook Ihm, Tae Joo Shin, Gao-Feng Han, Qing Jiang, Jong-Beom Baek
Summary: In this study, the authors demonstrate that metallic potassium can be used as a catalyst for ammonia synthesis, despite its volatility at high temperature. Metallic potassium is not used in industrial ammonia synthesis due to its tendency to separate from the catalyst in the harsh synthesis conditions. However, the authors find that using metallic potassium at lower temperatures can significantly improve the efficiency of ammonia synthesis. In their experiments, they achieved a much higher concentration of ammonia compared to the traditional Haber-Bosch process and their previous work.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Georgii Khartcyzov, Maksym Shevchenko, Siyu Cheng, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: This study provides fundamental information on the reactions between slags and refractory materials in metallurgical furnaces through the phase equilibria studies of the CuO0.5-CaO-SiO2 system. The experimental determination of phase compositions and liquidus surface of the system contributes to the optimization of thermodynamic database for copper-containing systems.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hamed Abdeyazdan, Maksym Shevchenko, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: In this study, an experimental and thermodynamic modeling approach was used to investigate the chemical reactions between magnesium oxide-based refractory materials and slags in lead smelting systems. Experimental data were obtained and used to optimize a thermodynamic database, which was then used to predict the liquidus behavior of the PbO-MgO-SiO2 system. The results provide valuable information on the chemical interactions between refractories and slags.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Svetlana Sineva, Maksym Shevchenko, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: An experimental study was conducted to determine the compositions of slag/matte/metal/tridymite phases in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200℃. The research methodology involved high-temperature equilibration, quenching of samples and accurate measurement of phase compositions, with results showing different iron-copper alloys formed at different copper contents.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Siyu Cheng, Peter Charles Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: A systematic analysis was conducted on industrial iron ore sinter product and associated sinter returns, characterizing the major macro- and micro-structural types. The correlation between mechanical sinter strength and sinter microstructure was found, particularly in materials with high porosity and isolated hematite grains. The formation of microstructure types was explained by non-equilibrium solidification in the Fe2O3-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 system.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Hamed Abdeyazdan, Maksym Shevchenko, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: An integrated experimental and thermodynamic modeling study was conducted to understand the reactions between MgO-based refractories and liquid slag in copper converting and refining processes. The study revealed that silica in high-copper refining slags led to olivine and pyroxene phase formation, increased solubility of MgO in liquid slag, and decline in the performance of MgO-based refractories. The findings have significant implications for optimizing refractory material selection in copper converting and refining processes.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Georgii Khartcyzov, Maksym Shevchenko, Siyu Cheng, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: Phase equilibria of the CuO0.5 -AlO1.5-SiO2 system with metallic copper were investigated using equilibration, quenching technique, and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The study revealed the liquidus of the CuO0.5 -AlO1.5-SiO2 system, including two 2-liquid miscibility gaps and various primary phase fields. A thermodynamic model with self-consistent parameters was established based on new experimental data and existing literature. The liquidus projection of the CuO0.5 -AlO1.5-SiO2 system under different temperatures and compositions was presented for the first time. It was observed that the presence of a small amount of alumina and copper oxide (CuAlO2) stabilized cristobalite over tridymite at low temperatures.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. Hidayat, A. Fallah-Mehrjardi, H. Abdeyazdan, D. Shishin, M. Shevchenko, P. C. Hayes, E. Jak
Summary: An integrated experimental and thermodynamic modeling study has characterized phase equilibria in the Pb-Fe-O-S-Si system. The experimental approach used high-temperature equilibration, quenching, and electron probe X-ray microanalysis to overcome difficulties associated with corrosive condensed phases and high vaporization rates specific to this system. The study provides systematic experimental data on phase compositions in equilibrium in the Pb-Fe-O-S-Si system and contributes to the development of a thermodynamic database for industrial processes optimization.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Taufiq Hidayat, Ata Fallah-Mehrjardi, Maksym Shevchenko, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: The challenges faced by present society, such as metal scarcity, recycling, and environmental restrictions, have led to increased complexity and variability in metallurgical feed streams. In response, metallurgical processes involving complex lead and copper-containing slag and matte phases have become common. This paper presents the development of an experimental methodology for the characterization of slag-matte phase equilibrium, which is essential for optimizing existing processes and developing new ones. The methodology involves high-temperature equilibration, fast quenching, and microanalysis of phase compositions using electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA).
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Svetlana Sineva, Denis Shishin, Maksym Shevchenko, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: The distribution of zinc and other elements in the Cu-Fe-S-Si-O-(Zn) system among slag, matte, and metal phases was experimentally determined at 1200 degrees C. The experiment involved high-temperature equilibration, quenching, and electron probe X-ray micro-analysis. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental results were used to develop thermodynamic models. The effects of Al2O3, CaO, and MgO on zinc distribution were also studied.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Svetlana Sineva, Denis Shishin, Maksym Shevchenko, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: The study evaluates the combined effects of Al2O3, CaO, and MgO slagging components on phase equilibria and thermodynamics in the basic Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system. The presence of Al2O3, CaO, and MgO reduces both the sulfur and copper concentrations in the slag phase under certain process conditions. By optimizing the thermodynamic database parameters for multicomponent metallurgical systems, accurate predictions can be made on phase equilibria and element distribution in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si-(Al, Ca, Mg) system.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2023)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Ata Fallah-Mehrjardi, Taufiq Hidayat, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: Experimental measurements were conducted to determine the compositions of slag, matte, and tridymite phases in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system under chemical equilibrium conditions. The results provided insights into the relationship between liquidus slag temperature and Fe/SiO2 ratio.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2022)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Ata Fallah-Mehrjardi, Taufiq Hidayat, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: The gas-slag-matte-tridymite equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200 degrees C were experimentally studied. The effects of sulfur dioxide partial pressure on the equilibrium were accurately determined. The results showed that the dissolved copper in slag is not sensitive to sulfur dioxide partial pressure, while the Fe/SiO2 in slag in equilibrium with tridymite increased with increasing p(SO2).
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2022)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Svetlana Sineva, Taufiq Hidayat, Ata Fallah-Mehrjardi, Roman Starykh, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
Summary: Experimental measurements were conducted on gas-matte-spinel and gas-slag-matte-spinel equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200 degrees C and different p(SO2) levels. The results showed the effects of sulfur dioxide partial pressure on the equilibria, specifically affecting the copper concentration in slag.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2022)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
S. Nicol, E. Jak, P. C. Hayes
Summary: This study investigates the solidification of liquids with selected CaO/SiO(2) ratios in the high iron region of the 'Fe2O3'-CaO-SiO(2) system. The presence of non-equilibrium phases and liquidus compositions were observed, but the anticipated silico ferrite of calcium phase was not observed.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2022)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Harrison Hodge, Peter C. Hayes, William Hawker, James Vaughan
Summary: This study investigates the leaching unit of the Sandy DSP Sinter-Leach process and finds that the product obtained from reductive sintering has the highest leachability. Higher concentrations of Ca(2)Fe(2)O(5) are associated with deleterious side reactions during leaching, leading to a significant reduction in aluminum recovery.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2022)