Article
Construction & Building Technology
Alexandros Chatzopoulos, Kosmas K. Sideris, Christos Tassos
Summary: This study examines the use of slag aggregates as a replacement for traditional aggregates in producing concrete with improved mechanical and durability characteristics. The results demonstrate that slag aggregates can enhance the performance of concrete, resulting in environmentally friendly and durable mixtures.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Noe Hernandez-Fernandez, Tania A. Garcia-Mejia, Rosa M. Ramirez-Zamora, Ricardo Ochoa-Diaz, Alexandra Ossa-Lopez
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of adding different types of slag on the properties of slag-modified asphalt, showing improvements in asphalt consistency and resistance to permanent deformation.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shaoyan Hu, Deyong Wang, Xianglong Li, Wei Zhao, Tianpeng Qu, Yun Wang
Summary: This study found that using melting separation process can result in higher alloy yield, iron recovery rate, and chromium content in the alloy when dealing with chromium slag. On the other hand, a lower pre-reduction temperature and magnetic separation process were found to be more beneficial for improving the chromium-iron ratio in the slag.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Christopher DiGiovanni, Delin Li, Ka Wing Ng, Xianai Huang
Summary: The electric arc furnace (EAF) has the potential to contribute to decarbonization of the iron and steel industry. To initiate slag foaming, carbon needs to be injected into the molten slag during EAF steelmaking. Biocarbon has gained attention as an alternative carbon agent. This study measured the slag foaming height when two biochar candidates were added to the molten slag layer and compared them to fossil carbon candidates.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mingtao Zhang, Yifei Long, Changhui Yang, Fang Wu, Linwen Yu, Xinyuan Li, Kai Yang, Xiaohong Zhu, Yi Tian, Min Zhao
Summary: This study confirmed the alkaline activation of Na2CrO4 on blast furnace slag, which significantly accelerated hydration process and improved compressive strength, suitable for immobilizing chromium-bearing wastes.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sang Hyun Kim, Seulki Jeong, Hyeonyong Chung, Kyoungphile Nam
Summary: A basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag was effective in stabilizing lead in mine waste, with efficiency affected by slag and water contents. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that precipitation and adsorption mechanisms were involved in stabilization. The increase in BOF slag content enhanced adsorption mechanism, while the increase in water content facilitated precipitation mechanism.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wei -Chien Wang, Yun-Jie Mao
Summary: In this study, four types of electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EOS) were examined to analyze the relationship between the composition of EOS and its expansibility. A pressure vessel pulverization rate test technique was developed to evaluate the expansibility of EOS. The agglomeration phenomenon and particle size were found to affect the pulverization rate, and the optimal autoclave temperature and pressure for testing were determined.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tung-Hsuan Lu, Ying-Liang Chen, Hong-Paul Wang, Juu-En Chang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of electric arc furnace ladle slag (EAFLS) on the engineering properties of cementitious mortars, specifically Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortars. It found that EAFLS significantly reduced the compressive strength of OPC mortars and caused expansion problems after autoclaving, but had no such negative effects on AAS mortars. Furthermore, AAS mortars exhibited higher residual strength at high temperatures, thanks to the accelerated hydration process from alkali-activated technology.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xingzhang Guo, Wenjie Zhang, Haisheng Yu, Dian Jin
Summary: This study evaluated the use of a sustainable GFD binder for the stabilization/solidification of chromium VI-contaminated soil. The results showed that the GFD binder significantly improved the compressive strength and pH of the soil. After 28 days of curing with a 20% binder dosage, the leached concentrations of total Cr and Cr(VI) decreased significantly. XRD and SEM analyses revealed the formation of hydrated calcium silicate and Cr-bearing precipitates, which filled the soil pores and resulted in a densely structured soil. The sequential extraction procedure demonstrated the effectiveness of the GFD binder in immobilizing Cr through encapsulation, reduction, adsorption, and precipitation mechanisms.
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Ana Carolina Pereira Martins, Jose Maria Franco de Carvalho, Lafs Cristina Barbosa Costa, Humberto Dias Andrade, Taina Varela de Melo, Jose Carlos Lopes Ribeiro, Leonardo Goncalves Pedroti, Ricardo Andre Fiorotti Peixoto
Summary: Steel slags, by-products in the steel industry, consist of calcium, silicon, ferric, aluminum, and magnesium oxides. Despite concerns over expansive compounds in cement-based composites, mitigation strategies have been proposed. Activating techniques enhance the binding properties of steel slag powder for potential use as SCM.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ali Amani, Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour, Massoud Palassi
Summary: The construction industry consumes high amounts of energy, mainly in Portland cement production and aggregate crushing. Different methods, like alkali-activated slag concrete and recycled aggregates, can reduce CO2 emissions. Research shows that substituting natural aggregates with EAF slag in AASC does not significantly decrease mechanical properties, but using EAF slag fine aggregates does.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Matthias Buyle, Ben Maes, Steven Van Passel, Katrien Boonen, An Vercalsteren, Amaryllis Audenaert, Jiri Jaromir Klemes
Summary: In this study, a ex-ante life cycle assessment was used to evaluate a novel technological pathway for extracting chromium from carbon steel slag and valorizing the residual matrix material. The research showed that using simple calculation rules in combination with basic design principles for processes at an industrial scale is more efficient than a fully-fledged process design from the start.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mai Hassan Roushdy
Summary: This study examined the synthesis of biodiesel from waste sunflower cooking oil using EAFS as a catalyst, with optimization of reaction conditions leading to a high biodiesel yield. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the impact of independent variables on the reaction response, showing that the biodiesel yield is directly proportional to all independent reaction parameters. Analysis of variance confirmed the adequacy of the predicted model, which achieved a 94% biodiesel yield under optimized conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yonghong Wang, Jiang Diao, Bing Xie, Chenglin Qi, Ping Du
Summary: The melting-dropping property of a charged blast furnace (BF) and the mechanism of its slag formation were studied using soft melt drop experiments. It was found that there is a positive linear relationship between the slag melting behavior and the melting-dropping property of the charge. Single iron ores are not suitable for BF production, but charging mix can improve slag formation and melting-dropping property when the temperature is increased.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jihye Kim, Gisele Azimi
Summary: The current study focuses on developing a two-step pyro-hydrometallurgical process for recovering valuable components from EAF slag, including carbothermic reduction and acid baking - water leaching. Optimal operating parameters were determined using experimental design and response surface methodology, resulting in high extraction efficiency for metals such as iron, titanium, aluminum, and magnesium.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Christian Vogel, Marie C. Hoffmann, Mareike C. Taube, Oliver Krueger, Rafal Baran, Christian Adam
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marzena Smol, Christian Adam, Michal Preisner
JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christian Vogel, Marie C. Hoffmann, Oliver Krueger, Vadim Murzin, Wolfgang Caliebe, Christian Adam
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hannes Herzel, Klaus-Dieter Grevel, Franziska Emmerling, Edgar Dachs, Artur Benisek, Christian Adam, Juraj Majzlan
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christian Vogel, Ryo Sekine, Jianyin Huang, Daniel Steckenmesser, Diedrich Steffens, Thomas Huthwelker, Camelia N. Borca, Ana E. Pradas del Real, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Christian Adam
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Christopher Hamann, Marina Spanka, Dirk Stolle, Gerhard Auer, Eric Weingart, Dominik Al-Sabbagh, Markus Ostermann, Christian Adam
Summary: Selective removal of Zn, Pb, and Cd from BF sludge was investigated through chlorination-evaporation reactions. Zinc and Pb were quantitatively removed after thermochemical treatment at 650-1000 degrees C, while other major elements were mostly retained.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Hannes Herzel, Vitalij Dombinov, Christian Vogel, Sabine Willbold, Gabriel Vettorazzi Levandowski, Martin Meiller, Felix Mueller, Joachim Werner Zang, Warde Antonieta da Fonseca-Zang, Nicolai David Jablonowski, Silvia Diane Schrey, Christian Adam
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marzena Smol, Christian Adam, Stefan Anton Kugler
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marzena Smol, Christian Adam, Stefan A. Kugler
PRZEMYSL CHEMICZNY
(2020)
Article
Soil Science
Christian Vogel, Julian Helfenstein, Michael S. Massey, Ryo Sekine, Ruben Kretzschmar, Luo Beiping, Thomas Peter, Oliver A. Chadwick, Federica Tamburini, Camille Rivard, Hannes Herzel, Christian Adam, Ana E. Pradas del Real, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Lucia Zuin, Dongniu Wang, Roberto Felix, Benedikt Lassalle-Kaiser, Emmanuel Frossard
Summary: This study analyzed soil samples from six sites along a climatic gradient on Hawaii to investigate the presence of dust-derived phosphorus-containing minerals. The research found evidence of apatite grains collocated with quartz in wettest soils, suggesting recent atmospheric deposition of dust particles carrying phosphorus. Additionally, backward trajectory modeling indicated that dust particles may have been transported to Hawaii from major global dust-loading areas in central Asia and northern Africa.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Karin Weimann, Christian Adam, Matthias Buchert, Juergen Sutter
Summary: Gypsum is widely used in construction, and the recycling of waste gypsum is important in a circular economy. Environmental evaluation shows that recycled gypsum can be more environmentally friendly compared to natural gypsum or FGD gypsum, with transportation distances playing a significant role in the results.
Article
Environmental Sciences
H. Herzel, J. Stemann, S. Simon, C. Adam
Summary: There is an ongoing debate in Europe regarding the criticality of phosphorus, with Switzerland and Germany requiring phosphorus recovery from phosphorus-rich waste streams. Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash has shown to remove heavy metals and produce plant-available CaNaPO4. Upscaling of the process was successful, but differences were noticed in phosphorus solubility and crystal phases between pilot-scale and laboratory-scale experiments. Heavy metal removal increased at higher temperatures, while phosphorus solubility peaked at 950 degrees C in pilot-scale and 875 degrees C in laboratory-scale experiments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Katharina Schraut, Florian Kargl, Christian Adam, Oleh Ivashko
Summary: Phase formation and evolution in the CaO-SiO2 system with 70-80 mol% CaO were studied using container-less processing and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Changes in di- and tricalcium silicate were observed at lower temperatures than equilibrium conditions. Despite deep sample undercooling, no metastable phase formation was observed within the measurement timescale of 1 s.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Katharina Schraut, Burkart Adamczyk, Christian Adam, Dietmar Stephan, Birgit Meng, Sebastian Simon, Julia von Werder
Summary: In this study, BOFS was successfully transformed into clinker-like products through carbothermal reduction, with similar chemical and mineralogical composition to ordinary Portland cement. Although the pure products showed slower hydration compared to commercial OPC, their reactivity can be further increased through specific adaptations to potentially serve as a full clinker substitute. Alternatively, the material can be used without modifications as a cement component or concrete addition to contribute to strength development.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Marzena Smol, Christian Adam, Oliver Krueger
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
(2020)