Journal
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
Volume 34, Issue 4, Pages 595-612Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sim.6357
Keywords
Taylor linearization; complex survey data; multinomial logistic regression; proportional odds logistic regression; unexplained disparity
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Funding
- Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999] Funding Source: Medline
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Determining the extent of a disparity, if any, between groups of people, for example, race or gender, is of interest in many fields, including public health for medical treatment and prevention of disease. An observed difference in the mean outcome between an advantaged group (AG) and disadvantaged group (DG) can be due to differences in the distribution of relevant covariates. The Peters-Belson (PB) method fits a regression model with covariates to the AG to predict, for each DG member, their outcome measure as if they had been from the AG. The difference between the mean predicted and the mean observed outcomes of DG members is the (unexplained) disparity of interest. We focus on applying the PB method to estimate the disparity based on binary/multinomial/proportional odds logistic regression models using data collected from complex surveys with more than one DG. Estimators of the unexplained disparity, an analytic variance-covariance estimator that is based on the Taylor linearization variance-covariance estimation method, as well as a Wald test for testing a joint null hypothesis of zero for unexplained disparities between two or more minority groups and a majority group, are provided. Simulation studies with data selected from simple random sampling and cluster sampling, as well as the analyses of disparity in body mass index in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004, are conducted. Empirical results indicate that the Taylor linearization variance-covariance estimation is accurate and that the proposed Wald test maintains the nominal level. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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