Journal
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
Volume 27, Issue 30, Pages 6612-6633Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sim.3432
Keywords
bounded outcome scores; compliance; logistic transform; longitudinal studies; repeated measures
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Discrete bounded outcome scores (BOS), i.e. discrete measurements that are restricted on a finite interval, often occur in practice. Examples are compliance measures, quality of life measures, etc. In this paper we examine three related random effects approaches to analyze longitudinal studies with a BOS as response: (1) a linear mixed effects (LM) model applied to a logistic transformed modified BOS; (2) a model assuming that the discrete BOS is a coarsened version of a latent random variable, which after a logistic-normal transformation, satisfies an LM model; and (3) a random effects probit model. We consider also the extension whereby the variability of the BOS is allowed to depend on covariates. The methods are contrasted using a simulation study and on a longitudinal project, which documents stroke rehabilitation in four European countries using measures of motor and functional recovery. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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