Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed Ashmwe, Katja Posa, Alexander Ruehrnoessl, Johannes Christoph Heinzel, Patrick Heimel, Michael Mock, Barbara Schaedl, Claudia Keibl, Sebastien Couillard-Despres, Heinz Redl, Rainer Mittermayr, David Hercher
Summary: This study investigated the effects of low-energy ESWT on recovery in spinal cord injury and identified changes in miRNA expression patterns. The results showed that ESWT significantly improved motor function in both subacute and chronic experimental settings.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ciara M. Walsh, Khadija Gull, Dearbhaile Dooley
Summary: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has a significant impact on motor, sensory and autonomic function in patients. Despite the lack of a curative therapy, modulation of the inflammatory response through motor rehabilitation can improve recovery in SCI models. This review discusses the effect of motor rehabilitation on inflammatory mediators in both preclinical and human SCI studies and highlights the potential of using motor rehabilitation as an immunomodulatory therapy to improve patient outcome after SCI.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Giuliano Taccola, Ronaldo M. Ichiyama, V. Reggie Edgerton, Parag Gad
Summary: This review discusses the physiological states of spinal networks, highlighting the stochastic modulation by changing ensembles of proprioceptive and supraspinal input. Spinal epidural interfaces offer a platform for studying spinal network dynamics post-injury. Low-frequency epidural pulses can evoke motor responses with oscillatory patterns. The neural variability among spinal networks is seen as a fundamental mechanism of network design rather than noise interfering with movement control.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Soshi Samejima, Rita Hanna, Brinda K. Cariappa, Rene Arvizu, Surabhi Nimbalkar, Rhea Montgomery-Walsh, Sandra L. Galindo, Richard Henderson, Abed Khorasani, Chet T. Moritz, Sam Kassegne
Summary: There is increasing evidence that electrical stimulation delivered via spinal neural interfaces using carbon-based neural arrays can improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury. In this study, a novel cervical epidural implant with carbon-based surface electrodes was designed, fabricated, and characterized in vivo. The array demonstrated biomechanical compatibility and stable performance for at least four weeks in a rat model of spinal cord injury. These findings highlight the potential of carbon-based electrodes as a spinal neural interface for both mechanistic research and functional restoration in animal models of spinal cord injury.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicholas H. Evans, Cazmon Suri, Edelle C. Field-Fote
Summary: Motor training is an important aspect of rehabilitation for individuals with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (MISCI), and this study investigated the effects of a brief intensive locomotor-related motor skill training (MST) circuit with or without transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The results showed that the MST circuit improved walking and balance outcomes in individuals with MISCI, and there were no significant differences between the group with tDCS and the group without tDCS. The study suggests that moderate-intensity exercise and MST can enhance motor skill acquisition and learning in individuals with MISCI.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Grazia Maugeri, Alessandra Amato, Martina Sortino, Velia D'Agata, Giuseppe Musumeci
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to sensory and motor function loss. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary phases, with oxidative stress playing a significant role in the secondary phase. Exercise is crucial for promoting well-being and quality of life, impacting various systems and potentially regulating the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. This review aims to investigate the effects of exercise on oxidative stress in individuals with SCI, following an overview of spinal cord anatomy and different types of injury.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ajay Pal, HongGeun Park, Aditya Ramamurthy, Ahmet S. Asan, Thelma Bethea, Meenu Johnkutty, Jason B. Carmel
Summary: In this study, the researchers developed a plasticity protocol in rats that aims to activate both sensory and motor connections in the spinal cord. They found that repeated application of this protocol in rats with spinal cord injury improved their forelimb dexterity and reduced hyperreflexia. This study shows the importance of targeting the sensory and motor systems in the spinal cord for promoting recovery after spinal cord injury.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Curtis A. Benson, Kai-Lan Olson, Siraj Patwa, Marike L. Reimer, Lakshmi Bangalore, Myriam Hill, Stephen G. Waxman, Andrew M. Tan
Summary: Research using viral intervention techniques in mice after spinal cord injury found that knocking out Rac1 protein can restore dendritic spine development and reduce H-reflex excitability, thereby reversing spasticity. This indicates a potential mechanistic relationship between abnormal motor neuron dendritic spines and spasticity induced by SCI.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ivana Stetkarova, Jiri Keller
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) treatment on cortical activation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results showed that continuous ITB treatment reduced limb spasticity and increased activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex of the foot. This increased activation may reflect functional reorganization in the brain.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
K. F. Reid, T. W. Storer, K. M. Pencina, R. Valderrabano, N. K. Latham, L. Wilson, C. Ghattas, R. Dixon, A. Nunes, N. Bajdek, G. Huang, S. E. Skeels, A. P. Lin, S. M. Merugumala, H. J. Liao, M. L. Bouxsein, R. D. Zafonte, S. Bhasin
Summary: The aim of this study is to develop a home-based multimodality program to improve aerobic capacity, musculoskeletal health, function, metabolism, and wellbeing in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. The study will investigate whether this intervention is more effective than traditional methods. The findings of this study will have important implications for improving the care of SCI patients.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Rehabilitation
Gongkai Ye, Emerson Paul Grabke, Maureen Pakosh, Julio C. Furlan, Kei Masani
Summary: The study comprehensively evaluated the clinical benefits and engineering designs of functional electrical stimulation (FES)-rowing in individuals with spinal cord injury, finding that FES-rowing can improve cardiovascular performance and reduce bone density loss. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the optimal setup for FES-rowing that maximizes rehabilitation outcomes.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Latoya L. Allen, Nicole L. Nichols, Zachary A. Asa, Anna T. Emery, Marissa C. Ciesla, Juliet V. Santiago, Ashley E. Holland, Gordon S. Mitchell, Elisa J. Gonzalez-Rothi
Summary: The study tested the hypothesis that C2 spinal hemisection (C2Hx) minimally impacts phrenic motor neuron (PMN) survival and found no evidence of PMN loss at 2- or 8-weeks post-C2Hx. This insight is crucial for studying strategies for inducing plasticity and/or regeneration within the phrenic motor system after high cervical injury.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Soshi Samejima, Richard Henderson, Jared Pradarelli, Sarah E. Mondello, Chet T. Moritz
Summary: Spinal cord injuries often result in permanent physical impairments despite being incomplete disruptions. However, remaining connections between the brain and spinal cord can induce neural plasticity to improve sensorimotor function, even years post-injury. This review provides an overview of evidence for motor recovery, plasticity, and interventions in spinal cord stimulation for motor control restoration. It discusses both open-loop and closed-loop stimulation approaches, as well as mechanisms of spinal cord neuromodulation for sensorimotor recovery, aiming to advance rehabilitation for spinal cord injuries.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jonathan S. Calvert, Megan L. Gill, Margaux B. Linde, Daniel D. Veith, Andrew R. Thoreson, Cesar Lopez, Kendall H. Lee, Yury P. Gerasimenko, Victor R. Edgerton, Igor A. Lavrov, Kristin D. Zhao, Peter J. Grahn, Dimitry G. Sayenko
Summary: Transcutaneous and epidural spinal stimulation have shown promising results in restoring motor function in individuals with spinal cord injury, with differences observed in how different types of SCI patients respond to stimulation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Emma Swaffield, Lovisa Cheung, Avideh Khalili, Emily Lund, Michelle Boileau, Damian Chechlacz, Kristin E. Musselman, Cindy Gauthier
Summary: ABT was perceived as a key part of participants' evolving and lifelong recovery process, with motivations including dissatisfaction with early rehabilitation and a desire to improve function and stay active. Participants believed that ABT contributed to neurological recovery, physical and mental health benefits, independence, and hope.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Amy S. Clark, Eric T. Harness, Todd A. Astorino
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2015)
Review
Neurosciences
Todd A. Astorino, Eric T. Harness, Ailish C. White
Letter
Rehabilitation
Nicholas H. Evans, Brooks C. Wingo, Elizabeth Sasso, Ashraf S. Gorgey, Eric Harness
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2016)
Article
Physiology
Todd Anthony Astorino, Eric T. Harness
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Physiology
Todd Anthony Astorino, Eric T. Harness, Kara A. Witzke
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2013)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Todd A. Astorino, Nick Tyerman, Keau Wong, Eric Harness
JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE
(2008)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eric Turner Harness, Todd A. Astorino
JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE
(2011)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Todd A. Astorino, Eric T. Harness, Kara A. Witzke
JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE
(2015)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nuray Yozbatiran, Eric T. Harness, Vu Le, Daniel Luu, Crista V. Lopes, Steven C. Cramer
JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE
(2010)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Todd A. Astorino, Nicholas Tyerman, Keau Wong, Eric Harness
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2008)