Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. N. Antipov, M. Kh Gadzhiev, M. A. Sargsyan, D. Tereshonok, A. S. Tyuftyaev, D. Yusupov, A. Chistolinov, A. G. Abramov, A. Ugryumov
Summary: This study investigated the spatio-temporal structure and plasma parameters of a new type of glow discharge called the interelectrode microwave discharge in gas flow. A multi-electrode coaxial-type cold plasma torch was utilized as the gas discharge device, which was supplied with microwave power through a coaxial cable. Self-sustained glow discharges were observed between the round ends of the electrodes and the inner wall of the discharge chamber. The resulting structure was found to exhibit dendritic self-similar (fractal) characteristics.
Article
Physics, Applied
Karna Patel, Anup Saha, Tanbo Zhou, Terrence R. Meyer, Sally Bane, Aman Satija
Summary: This study investigates the temporal dynamics of atmospheric-pressure nanosecond pulsed plasma discharges in a pin-to-pin electrode configuration using streak-camera line imaging. The discharge emission starts uniformly throughout the interelectrode gap and then decays in two distinct phases. The plasma emission in air and N-2 environments shows significant differences in their temporal dynamics. The formation and relaxation timescales of electronically excited states of N-2 are quantified with sub-nanosecond resolution. The streak-OES technique allows for quantitative time-resolved studies of key chemical species in ultra-short-pulsed plasmas.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Nikola Ivanovic, Nikodin Nedic, Ivan R. Videnovic, Dj. Spasojevic, Nikola Konjevic
Summary: We studied the emission spectra of Ne I 503.775 nm and Ne I 508.038 nm atomic lines in two different DC glow discharge sources. Our modified discharge source allows recording of complex line shapes from two optical directions, enabling spatially resolved Stark polarization spectroscopy. The observed correlation between the electric field strength in the cathode sheath and the recorded spectral shifts provides insights into the cathode sheath parameters.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Zdenek Weiss
Summary: The excitation of Ni I and Ni II emission spectra in an argon glow discharge was analyzed, showing enhanced Ni I levels and selective excitation of some Ni II levels attributed to charge transfer reaction.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Saifutdinov
Summary: In this study, various modes of direct current discharges in argon at atmospheric pressure were investigated based on a unified model for describing the gas discharge gap and electrodes in 2D geometry. Numerical calculations were conducted to reveal the influence of electrode cooling conditions on the current-voltage characteristic of the discharge, including the transition from normal glow to arc discharge and the occurrence of abnormal glow mode. Different forms of arc discharge, either with diffuse or contracted current spot, were observed depending on the cooling conditions. Low-current mode exhibited current and voltage oscillations during the transition from Townsend to normal glow discharge.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Krzysztof Greda, Pawel Pohl
Summary: A new method of optical emission spectrometry (OES) using micmplasma source was developed for the determination of Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Zn in wine, without the need for acid digestion. The study also found that red wines have higher levels of K and Mg, and different grape varieties can be distinguished based on the concentrations of K and Ca.
Article
Spectroscopy
Zhaoqing Cai, Zheng Wang
Summary: The use of solution anode glow discharge (SAGD) in hydrogen-helium mixture was evaluated for optical emission spectrometry (OES) of arsenic (As) in solution. The enclosed structure and non-electrode hollow channel were adopted to integrate the functions of vapor generation, atomization, and excitation of As. The study found that propionic acid had the best amplification effect, and the detection limit of SAGD-OES for As was better than that of the fully open-to-air discharge system. SAGD was more susceptible to chemical interferences induced by transition metal elements compared to alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yen Theng Lau, Oi Hoong Chin, Hong Chun Lee, Wee Siong Chiu, Haw Jiunn Woo
Summary: The study used low power low frequency argon plasma to treat the surface of polystyrene films and found that treatment for 3 minutes under specific conditions significantly improved hydrophilicity and stabilized at a certain water contact angle value. Oxygen was observed to be the main functional group added to the surface, possibly sourced from residual water vapor.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Walsten, K. Xu, C. Sanderson, C. Ballmann, D. Matyas
Summary: The study showed that adjusting the external electric field, frequency, and gas mixture ratio can control the timing and intensity of nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier glow discharge in helium with 1% of argon.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Zdenek Weiss, Florence Concepcion-Mairey, Juliet C. Pickering, Petr Smid
Summary: Extensive analysis of Ti and Fe emission spectra from both plane and hollow cathode glow discharges in argon reveals deviations from simple models of laboratory plasmas assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. Ionization of analytes in both discharge modes is dominated by charge transfer between Ar+ ions and neutral analyte atoms, with more pronounced process in plane cathode than hollow cathode discharge. This overpopulation of long-lived ground term and metastable analyte ions spreads into high-energy levels of neutral atoms by collisional 3-body recombination with electrons, indicating conditions not close to local thermodynamic equilibrium.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Peixia Li, Jing Hu, Meng Zhang, Lin He, Kai Li, Xiandeng Hou, Xiaoming Jiang
Summary: A compact tandem excitation source was developed by igniting a point discharge in an argon/hydrogen flame, resulting in improved excitation for chromium emission. By combining a tungsten coil electrothermal vaporizer (ETV) with the tandem source, a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer was created. The excitation capability was enhanced by the synergistic effect of the point discharge microplasma and the argon/hydrogen flame. Analytical sensitivity for chromium was greatly improved through the collective effect of the tungsten coil ETV, flame, and point discharge microplasma.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
I Tsonev, J. Boothroyd, St Kolev, A. Bogaerts
Summary: This study developed a 2D axisymmetric model to investigate the influence of the two cathode emission mechanisms on the cathode region and the positive column in a plasma discharge in flowing nitrogen gas. The results show that the electron emission mechanism greatly affects the size and temperature of the cathode region, but has no significant impact on the discharge column at atmospheric pressure. Additionally, it was found that the discharge contraction is enhanced with increasing flow velocity due to increased convective heat loss.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jovica Jovovic
Summary: The study focuses on the optical emission spectroscopy of a pulsed atmospheric pressure discharge source in argon and an argon-hydrogen mixture. Many metallic lines are identified in the discharge spectra, and a thorough investigation of electron temperature using Fe I line intensity distribution is performed. The addition of hydrogen alters the yield of metallic lines, especially in the case of the stainless steel cathode.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Zhifan Zhang, Peng Lei, Duluo Zuo, Xinbing Wang
Summary: This study investigates the volume scalability of high-density metastable argon atoms using a segmented discharge configuration. By connecting two discharge zones in parallel and charging them with thin wires and peaking capacitors, a uniform and dense plasma was achieved. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using segmented discharge for the development of optically pumped rare gas lasers.
CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zdenek Weiss, Petr Ashcheulov, Nicolas Lambert, Andrew Taylor, Jan Lorincik, Kil-dong Sung, Marina Davydova, Vincent Mortet
Summary: Boron- and phosphorus-doped diamond layers were analyzed using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. A methodology for quantitative depth profiling based on multi-matrix calibration was developed, assuming matrix-independent emission yields. The accuracy and sensitivity of the analysis were discussed. The analysis of boron showed satisfactory performance using the B I line at 208.959 nm. However, the analysis of phosphorus was affected by an argon-related interference, which could be eliminated by using neon discharge, resulting in an eightfold improvement in the phosphorus detection limit. The analysis also revealed a light interference effect in transparent layers, indicating their transparency in the ultraviolet region.
Article
Physics, Applied
Maksudbek Yusupov, Debbie Dewaele, Pankaj Attri, Umedjon Khalilov, Frank Sobott, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This study unravels the possible mechanisms of oligosaccharide oxidation induced by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), providing atomic-level insight into the onset of plasma-induced removal of biofilms.
PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hamid Ahmadi Eshtehardi, Kevin Van 't Veer, Marie-Paule Delplancke, Francois Reniers, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This study develops a 1D heterogeneous catalysis model with axial dispersion to investigate the mechanisms of plasma-catalytic NO production. It also examines how changes in postplasma gas flow composition and catalytic stage operation conditions affect the performance of NO production.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ivan Tsonev, Colin O'Modhrain, Annemie Bogaerts, Yury Gorbanev
Summary: Plasma-based nitrogen fixation is a promising alternative for fertilizer production, but factors like energy consumption and selectivity towards desired products hinder its applicability. This study investigated the use of rotating gliding arc plasma under elevated pressures, different gas flow rates, and composition, showing a significant increase in NOx production with low energy consumption (1.8 MJ/(mol N)), high production rate (69 g/h), and high selectivity (94%). This improvement is attributed to the enhanced thermal Zeldovich mechanism and increased NO oxidation rate due to elevated pressure.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eduardo Morais, Evangelos Delikonstantis, Marco Scapinello, Gregory Smith, Georgios D. Stefanidis, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: We propose a zero-dimensional kinetic model to study the gas-phase dynamics of methane conversion in a nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma reactor. The model accurately captures the rapid changes in electric field, gas and electron temperature, and species densities. By validating against experimental data, we investigate the effects of gas temperature and reactor pressure on gas conversion and product selectivity. Furthermore, we analyze the important reaction pathways and the dynamics of the heating and cooling mechanisms. H radicals are identified as the most abundant plasma species, participating in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions that mainly lead to the formation of C2H4 and C2H2 as products (depending on the pressure).
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinxin Wang, Kaimin Zhang, Annemie Bogaerts, Vera Meynen
Summary: The effect of pore size on plasma catalysis is still unknown. In this study, 3D porous Cu and CuO with different pore sizes were prepared and compared in plasma-catalytic dry reforming. It was found that smaller pores led to higher conversion rates of CH4 and CO2, which provides valuable references for future research on plasma catalysts.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinxin Wang, Kaimin Zhang, Vera Meynen, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: The performance of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactors in environmental and energy processes is limited due to their low energy yield. In this study, stainless steel rings were placed on the inner electrode rod of the DBD reactor to change the discharge gap and electric field, resulting in improved dry reforming performance. At 50 W supplied power, the rings negatively impacted the performance due to non-uniform discharge distribution. However, at 30 W supplied power, the rings improved the performance, and more rings with a larger diameter further enhanced it. The presence of rings increased the local electric field, displaced charge, discharge fraction, stability, and selectivity to syngas.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Senne Van Alphen, Ante Hecimovic, Christian K. Kiefer, Ursel Fantz, Rony Snyders, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: Plasma technology is a promising method for converting CO2 into value-added products. In this study, the effect of different quenching nozzles on cooling the gas and suppressing the recombination of CO back into CO2 was investigated computationally. The results showed that attaching a nozzle in the effluent of the reactor significantly improved gas quenching and reduced CO recombination reactions, especially at low flow rates.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elise Vervloessem, Mikhail Gromov, Nathalie De Geyter, Annemie Bogaerts, Yury Gorbanev, Anton Nikiforov
Summary: The current global energy crisis emphasizes the importance of understanding nonfossil fuel nitrogen fixation pathways for synthetic fertilizer production. This study investigates NH3 gas phase formation from humid N2 and air, demonstrating that adding water vapor increases nitrogen fixation capacity. However, a significant loss mechanism was identified, where HNO2 reacts with NH3 to form NH4NO2, which rapidly decomposes. Approaches to prevent this loss mechanism are discussed, such as in-line removal of HNO2 or direct solvation in liquid.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rani Vertongen, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: In this study, we evaluated new electrode configurations in a gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) reactor for CO2 conversion. The reactor design had limited influence on performance, with only slightly higher CO2 conversion compared to the basic GAP reactor design. Surprisingly, we found that different plasma reactors operating at atmospheric pressure showed similar performance, indicating potential performance limits. Further improvements should focus on aspects such as the post-plasma region to maximize the industrial potential of warm plasma technology.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinxin Wang, Kaimin Zhang, Myrjam Mertens, Annemie Bogaerts, Vera Meynen
Summary: This study provides new insights into the effect of (sub)micrometer particle sized materials on plasma-based CO2CH4 reforming. SiO2 spheres with varying particle sizes, including supported metal, were used. The optimal performance was achieved using 740 nm 5 wt% Ni loaded SiO2, significantly improving CO2 and CH4 conversion and energy yield in a fully packed reactor. These findings highlight the importance of selecting a suitable particle size and can guide the rational design of catalysts for plasma-based reactions.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bart Wanten, Rani Vertongen, Robin De Meyer, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This critical review provides a comprehensive guideline for authors in the field of plasma-based CO2 conversion, addressing the inconsistent reporting of performance metrics and providing correct definitions for gas conversion in plasma reactors. The paper discusses the importance of considering the change in volumetric flow rate and highlights inconsistencies in reporting energy efficiency. The authors also provide recommendations and good practices to stimulate the further development of this technology.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sean Kelly, Elizabeth Mercer, Robin De Meyer, Radu-George Ciocarlan, Sara Bals, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: We investigated the conversion of CO2 and CH4 in atmospheric pressure microwave plasma, focusing on reaction performance and carbon formation. The energy costs were promising, with the best performance to date for plasma-based dry reforming of methane. The conversion rates for CO2 and CH4 were in the range of 46-49% and 55-67% respectively, producing primarily syngas with H2/CO ratios of 0.6-1.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maryam Ghasemitarei, Tayebeh Ghorbi, Maksudbek Yusupov, Yuantao Zhang, Tong Zhao, Parisa Shali, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: Plasma medicine, or the biomedical application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), has shown versatile applications in various biological aspects. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated during CAP treatment play a crucial role in the therapeutic effects. Non-reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide valuable insights into the effects of CAP and nitro-oxidative stress on cellular components.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Francesco Tampieri, Albert Espona-Noguera, Cedric Labay, Maria-Pau Ginebra, Maksudbek Yusupov, Annemie Bogaerts, Cristina Canal
Summary: Non-thermal plasma has been extensively studied for biomedical applications, including tissue decontamination, regeneration, skin treatment, and tumor therapies. Plasma treatment of biopolymer solutions can enhance the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, making them ideal for indirect treatments of biological targets. The effects of plasma treatment on alginate solutions and the mechanisms responsible for enhanced reactive species generation were investigated using size exclusion chromatography, rheology, scanning electron microscopy, chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations. The active role of biopolymer chemistry during plasma treatment was highlighted, demonstrating its potential for targeted therapies using biocompatible hydrogels as vehicles for storing and delivering reactive species.
BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Omar Biondo, Cas F. A. M. Van Deursen, Ashley Hughes, Alex van de Steeg, Waldo Bongers, M. C. M. van de Sanden, Gerard van Rooij, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This study utilizes a microwave plasma in reverse vortex flow configuration to address the issue of solid carbon deposition in CO2/CH4 plasmas, achieving high reactor performance. The research demonstrates that by changing the gas flow configuration, greenhouse gases can be converted into value-added compounds without solid carbon, making significant strides in green chemistry.
Article
Spectroscopy
Piyali Deb Barman, Ashok Kumar Maurya, Subhendu Ghosh, Ankit Roy, Mukul Madaan
Summary: In X-ray spectroscopic studies, K beta 1,3 lines have been used to examine the chemical states of 3d transition metals, but are not suitable for characterizing iron oxides. Instead, FeL-lines, which involve the valence shell 3d electrons, were inspected and found to provide information on the chemical states of iron. The study established a linear relationship between the chemical shift of FeL beta 1 line and spin multiplicity, allowing for the speciation of iron.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2024)
