Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Morten Hertzum
Summary: In news production, journalists rely on information from various sources, and this study explores how they identify, interact with, interpret, and manage these sources. Journalists value a balanced group of sources but often exhibit bias in their selections. Interactions with sources reveal that they not only provide information for current stories but also contribute ideas for new stories. Journalists are aware of potential bias and misinformation from sources and use indirect checks to evaluate trustworthiness. They manage their relationships with sources through boundary work and cultivate long-term partnerships. The findings shed light on how journalism influences journalists' information seeking and have implications for information behavior research in other fields.
INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Gail Davison, Martina Ann Kelly, Richard Conn, Andrew Thompson, Tim Dornan
Summary: The study explored children's and adolescents' experiences with healthcare professionals. Results showed that HCPs fostered trusting relationships through traits such as approachability, wisdom, sincerity, and relatability, and promoted children's involvement in healthcare discussions and decisions by including them in conversations, explaining medical information, and addressing their broader needs and preferences.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jessica Longhini, Giacomo Rossettini, Alvisa Palese
Summary: Digitalization is not fully implemented in clinical practice, and the competencies of health care professionals are identified as possible barriers. Descriptive studies have investigated four main categories of digital health competencies. The findings can inform the design of medical education processes, and future research can address methodological shortcomings.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Louisa M. D'Arrietta, Venkat N. Vangaveti, Melissa J. Crowe, Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
Summary: Motivation of health professionals to engage in research is influenced by various factors, including knowledge, skills, protected research time, funding, and organizational support. Attitude and values play a crucial role in determining whether health professionals are motivated to undertake research.
JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY HEALTHCARE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tracy D. Zhang, Scott C. Kolbe, Leah C. Beauchamp, Ella K. Woodbridge, David I. Finkelstein, Emma L. Burrows
Summary: The prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease is characterized by several non-motor symptoms, which have been suggested to be predictive of later diagnosis. Genetic rodent models can develop non-motor phenotypes, with gastrointestinal dysfunction being the most reproducible phenotype. However, inconsistencies in phenotypes among rodent models pose a challenge in translatability, and future research should focus on improving experimental design to enhance phenotype reproducibility.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Shan Feng, Matti Mantymaki, Amandeep Dhir, Hannu Salmela
Summary: This study provides a systematic literature review on self-tracking and the quantified self in promoting health and well-being. Previous research has focused on three stakeholders: end users, patients and people with illnesses, and health care professionals and caregivers. The study identifies 11 research themes and classifies future research suggestions into 5 directions.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Suzanne Festen, Mariken E. Stegmann, Annemiek Prins, Barbara C. van Munster, Barbara L. van Leeuwen, Gyorgy B. Halmos, Pauline de Graeff, Daan Brandenbarg
Summary: A study found that healthcare professionals have poor perceptions of their patients' priorities regarding health outcomes, especially in cases of malignant diseases, dependent living, and functional deficits. To achieve patient-centered care, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to explicitly discuss priorities with all patients.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Catherine Cohen, Silvia Pignata, Eva Bezak, Mark Tie, Jessie Childs
Summary: There is an increasing need for interventions to improve well-being in healthcare workers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review synthesized evidence from studies since 2015 on interventions targeting well-being and burnout in physicians, nurses, and allied healthcare professionals. The review found that both individually focused and organizationally focused interventions, particularly mindfulness-based practices, were effective in improving well-being and reducing burnout among healthcare workers.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Zhenguang G. Cai, Nan Zhao, Martin J. Pickering
Summary: People sometimes interpret implausible sentences nonliterally. This study investigated how they do so by contrasting a nonliteral syntactic analysis account with a nonliteral semantic interpretation account. The results suggested that comprehenders constructed a nonliteral syntactic analysis, which was predicted early in the sentence.
Review
Geography
Jessica Quinton, Lorien Nesbitt, Daniel Sax
Summary: The systematic literature review of green gentrification research highlights the focus on U.S. case studies, the shift towards quantitative analyses, and the lack of attention to the influence of greening characteristics/functions and non-greening factors on gentrification. The mechanisms through which greening leads to gentrification, particularly on the demand side, are still not well understood, and displacement, a main concern of green gentrification, has not been adequately documented.
PROGRESS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Genevieve A. Dingle, Leah S. Sharman, Zoe Bauer, Emma Beckman, Mary Broughton, Emma Bunzli, Robert Davidson, Grace Draper, Sheranne Fairley, Callyn Farrell, Libby Maree Flynn, Sjaan Gomersall, Mengxun Hong, Joel Larwood, Chiying Lee, Jennifer Lee, Lewis Nitschinsk, Natalie Peluso, Sarah Elizabeth Reedman, Dianna Vidas, Zoe C. Walter, Olivia Renee Louise Wright
Summary: This scoping review analyzed research on the impact of music activities on the health and well-being of participants, suggesting that various music activities can have positive effects on physical and mental health.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ahmad Khanijahani, Shabnam Iezadi, Sarah Agoglia, Spencer Barber, Courtney Cox, Natalie Olivo
Summary: This systematic review identifies factors associated with information breaches in healthcare settings. Factors such as organizational, information technology, professionals/employees, and clients/patients contribute to breaches. Hospital characteristics, EMR use, and personnel types impact the frequency and magnitude of breaches. Patients' sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics also influence the perceived breach of confidentiality.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yu Qing Huang, Laura Liu, Zahra Goodarzi, Jennifer A. Watt
Summary: In Canada, there is a need to measure the electronic health literacy of older adults to ensure equitable access to virtual care. This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of eHealth literacy tools and identified shortcomings in their validation in older adults.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Veerle Piessens, Stefan Heytens, Ann Van Den Bruel, Ann Van Hecke, An De Sutter
Summary: This systematic review aims to examine healthcare professionals' knowledge and perceptions of overdiagnosis, and how it influences their screening decisions. The findings will provide guidance on how HCPs should communicate information about overdiagnosis to patients and the public.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Emilie Molholm Kjaerulff, Tue Helms Andersen, Natasja Kingod, Mette Andersen Nexo
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the implications of social media on the relationships between people with chronic conditions and health care professionals. The findings suggest that social media interactions have significance in terms of communication, information evaluation, and relationship management for people with chronic conditions and health care professionals.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Charlotte Bermingham, Jasper Morgan, Daniel Ayoubkhani, Myer Glickman, Nazrul Islam, Aziz Sheikh, Jonathan Sterne, A. Sarah Walker, Vahe Nafilyan
Summary: The study used a regression discontinuity design to estimate the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in reducing mortality for individuals aged 80 and above in England. The results showed that the first vaccine dose reduced the risk of COVID-19 death by 52.6%, providing strong evidence for the protective effect of the vaccine in older adults. The study's approach addressed the issue of unmeasured confounding factors, and the estimated vaccine effectiveness was comparable to previous studies using different methods.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Osama Mahmoud, Raquel Granell, Gabriela P. Peralta, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Deborah Jarvis, John Henderson, Jonathan Sterne
Summary: This study found that maternal perinatal BMI, birthweight, childhood lean and fat mass, and early-onset asthma were the most important factors influencing lung function in early adulthood.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ruth C. E. Bowyer, Charlotte Huggins, Renin Toms, Richard J. J. Shaw, Bo Hou, Ellen J. J. Thompson, Alex S. F. Kwong, Dylan M. M. Williams, Milla Kibble, George B. B. Ploubidis, Nicholas J. J. Timpson, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Nishi Chaturvedi, Claire J. J. Steves, Kate Tilling, Richard J. J. Silverwood, CONVALESCENCE Study
Summary: Studies have identified the primary symptoms of COVID-19 and long COVID, including loss of taste and smell, fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, and muscle pains or aches. Understanding the specificity and duration of these symptoms after COVID-19 is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caroline E. Dale, Rohan Takhar, Raymond Carragher, Michail Katsoulis, Fatemeh Torabi, Stephen Duffield, Seamus Kent, Tanja Mueller, Amanj Kurdi, Thu Nguyen Le Anh, Stuart McTaggart, Hoda Abbasizanjani, Sam Hollings, Andrew Scourfield, Ronan A. Lyons, Rowena Griffiths, Jane Lyons, Gareth Davies, Daniel Harris, Alex Handy, Mehrdad A. Mizani, Christopher Tomlinson, Johan H. Thygesen, Mark Ashworth, Spiros Denaxas, Amitava Banerjee, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Paul Brown, Ian Bullard, Rouven Priedon, Mamas A. Mamas, Ann Slee, Paula Lorgelly, Munir Pirmohamed, Kamlesh Khunti, Andrew D. Morris, Cathie Sudlow, Ashley Akbari, Marion Bennie, Naveed Sattar, Reecha Sofat
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. Using medication data, this study analyzed the dispensing of cardiovascular medications in England, Scotland, and Wales. The findings showed a decline in the use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, while the use of medications for type 2 diabetes increased. Urgent measures are needed to identify and treat individuals who have missed treatment for cardiovascular risk factors.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Edward P. K. Parker, John Tazare, William J. Hulme, Christopher Bates, Edward J. Carr, Jonathan Cockburn, Helen J. Curtis, Louis Fisher, Amelia C. A. Green, Sam Harper, Frank Hester, Elsie M. F. Horne, Fiona Loud, Susan Lyon, Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, Amir Mehrkar, Linda Nab, John Parry, Shalini Santhakumaran, Retha Steenkamp, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Alex J. Walker, Elizabeth J. Williamson, Michelle Willicombe, Bang Zheng, Ben Goldacre, Dorothea Nitsch, Laurie A. Tomlinson
Summary: This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people with kidney disease in England. The study found that although most individuals received the COVID-19 vaccine, there were disparities in vaccine uptake among different clinical and demographic groups, and the coverage of complete vaccine doses was suboptimal.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Adam M. Trickey, Suzanne Ingle, Anders Boyd, M. John Gill, Sophie Grabar, Inma Jarrin, Niels Obel, Giota Touloumi, Robert Zangerle, Andri T. Rauch, Christopher D. Rentsch, Derek J. Satre, Michael Silverberg, Fabrice Bonnet, Jodie Guest, Greer Burkholder, Heidi Crane, Ramon Teira, Juan Berenguer, Christoph Wyen, Sophie Abgrall, Mojgan Hessamfar, Peter Reiss, Antonella A. d'Arminio Monforte, Kathleen McGinnis, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Linda Wittkop
Summary: Among persons with HIV, higher alcohol use and having hepatitis C virus are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the interaction between alcohol use and hepatitis C virus on mortality in HIV-positive individuals. The results showed a J-shaped pattern of mortality among HIV-positive individuals without hepatitis C virus, with both non-drinkers and heavy drinkers having higher mortality compared to moderate alcohol drinkers. However, among those with hepatitis C virus, only heavy drinkers had higher mortality rates.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2023)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ash Routen, Lauren O'Mahoney, Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi, Yvonne Alder, Amitava Banerjee, Lewis Buckland, Chris Brightling, Melanie Calvert, Jenny Camaradou, Nishi Chaturvedi, Amy Chong, Emma Dalrymple, Rosalind M. Eggo, Paul Elliott, Rachael A. Evans, Andy Gibson, Shamil Haroon, Emily Herrett, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Sarah E. Hughes, Flic Jeyes, Karen Matthews, Christel McMullan, Jessica Morley, Roz Shafran, Nikki Smith, David Stanton, Terence Stephenson, Jonathan Sterne, Grace M. Turner, Helen Ward, Kamlesh Khunti
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
William J. Hulme, Elsie M. F. Horne, Edward P. K. Parker, Ruth H. Keogh, Elizabeth J. Williamson, Venexia Walker, Tom M. Palmer, Helen J. Curtis, Alex J. Walker, Colm D. Andrews, Amir Mehrkar, Jessica Morley, Brian MacKenna, Sebastian C. J. Bacon, Ben Goldacre, Miguel A. Hernan, Jonathan A. C. Sterne
Summary: A study compared the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) covid-19 vaccines during the booster programme in England. The results showed that mRNA-1273 had a modest benefit in preventing positive SARS-CoV-2 tests and hospital admission with covid-19 compared to BNT162b2.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Adam Trickey, Caroline A. Sabin, Greer Burkholder, Heidi Crane, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Matthias Egger, M. John Gill, Sophie Grabar, Jodie L. Guest, Inma Jarrin, Fiona C. Lampe, Niels Obel, Juliana M. Reyes, Christoph Stephan, Timothy R. Sterling, Ramon Teira, Giota Touloumi, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Ferdinand Wit, Linda Wittkop, Robert Zangerle, Michael J. Silverberg, Amy Justice, Jonathan A. C. Sterne
Summary: Life expectancy has increased for people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Latest prognosis data show that the survival rate of adults with HIV who have been on ART for at least 1 year in Europe and North America is similar to that of the general population, regardless of the starting time of ART. However, individuals with low CD4 counts at the start of treatment have lower life expectancy, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and sustained treatment of HIV.
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elsie M. F. Horne, William J. Hulme, Ruth H. Keogh, Tom M. Palmer, Elizabeth J. Williamson, Edward P. K. Parker, Venexia M. Walker, Rochelle Knight, Yinghui Wei, Kurt Taylor, Louis Fisher, Jessica Morley, Amir Mehrkar, Iain Dillingham, Sebastian Bacon, Ben Goldacre, Jonathan A. C. Sterne
Summary: Understanding how the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines changes over time and in response to new variants is crucial for scheduling subsequent doses. Previous research has shown that vaccine effectiveness decreases in a log-linear manner over time and remains consistent across different risk-based subgroups. To further investigate the waning effectiveness beyond 26 weeks and in the era of the Omicron variant, the follow-up period was extended to the earliest of 50 weeks after the second dose or March 31, 2022.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hein Heuvelman, Neil M. Davies, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Alan Emond, Jonathan Evans, David Gunnell, Rachel Liebling, Richard Morris, Rupert Payne, Claire Storey, Maria Viner, Dheeraj Rai
Summary: This study examines the associations between the use of antidepressants during pregnancy and outcomes using multiple methods to strengthen causal inference. The results show that women who initiate or continue antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to have contact with healthcare services and continue antidepressant use after pregnancy. However, there is little evidence for substantial associations between antidepressant use and autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or intellectual disability in children.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alexandra Creavin, Sam Creavin, Charlie Kenward, Jonathan Sterne, Jo Williams
Summary: This study analyzed data from Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire in England and found lower uptake of bowel cancer screening in more deprived areas, minority ethnic groups, and smokers.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harriet A. Ball, Elizabeth Coulthard, Mark Fish, Antony Bayer, John Gallacher, Yoav Ben-Shlomo
Summary: This study examines the association between subjective cognitive decline (sSCD) and objective cognition, finding a weak correlation between the two. Older age, poor sleep quality, and higher anxiety are independent predictors of sSCD. The study suggests that sSCD, in the absence of objective decline, may be an example of poor meta-cognition and a potential driver for functional cognitive disorder (FCD).
Article
Immunology
Tom Loosli, Stefanie Hossmann, Suzanne M. Ingle, Hajra Okhai, Katharina Kusejko, Johannes Mouton, Pantxika Bellecave, Ard van Sighem, Melanie Stecher, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, M. John Gill, Caroline A. Sabin, Gary Maartens, Huldrych F. Guenthard, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Richard Lessells, Matthias Egger, Roger D. Kouyos
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the resistance to dolutegravir in HIV-infected individuals. The study found that resistance to dolutegravir was rare, but nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance substantially increased the risk of dolutegravir resistance.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew J. Page, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Isabelle Boutron, Asbjorn Hrobjartsson, Jamie J. Kirkham, Tianjing Li, Andreas Lundh, Evan Mayo-Wilson, Joanne E. McKenzie, Lesley A. Stewart, Alex J. Sutton, Lisa Bero, Adam G. Dunn, Kerry Dwan, Roy G. Elbers, Raju Kanukula, Joerg J. Meerpohl, Erick H. Turner, Julian P. T. Higgins
Summary: This paper describes a structured approach, the ROB-ME tool, for assessing bias risk in meta-analysis, which can help identify high-risk meta-analyses and interpret results appropriately.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)