Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachel Breen, Marie Y. Savundranayagam, Joseph B. Orange, Anita Kothari
Summary: PSW perceive quality home care for persons with dementia as person-centered, provided by PSW with dementia-specific education and training, facilitated by specific experiences, abilities and characteristics, enhanced by accessible information and services, provided by an inclusive dementia care team, and facilitated by organizational supports and respect. However, there are differences in perceptions versus actual experiences, leading to advocacy for increased supports, ongoing education and training, teamwork, wages, staffing, and client information exchange. Exploring front-line workers' perspectives can help inform healthcare policies and future developments.
HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreas D. Knudsen, Claus Graff, Jonas Bille Nielsen, Magda Teresa Thomsen, Julie Hogh, Thomas Benfield, Jan Gerstoft, Lars Kober, Klaus F. Kofoed, Susanne D. Nielsen
Summary: The study found that in well-treated PLWH, there was a higher incidence of de novo major ECG abnormalities, which were associated with factors such as age, underweight, smoking, diabetes, and protease inhibitor use. De novo prolonged QTc was rare and did not seem to be a major issue in well-treated PLWH.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Esther S. Shoemaker, Tana Saiyin, Stephanie Smith, Mona Loutfy, Liz Darling, Mark Walker, Steven Hawken, Jahanara Begum, Christine Bibeau, Breklyn Bertozzi, Annette Fraleigh, Gladys Kwaramba, Kerrigan Johnson, Ashlee Cousineau, Claire E. Kendall
Summary: Since 2014, the proportion of cesarean births among women living with HIV has remained stable and higher than among women without HIV. The proportion of primary cesarean births has decreased, while the proportion of repeat cesarean births has increased.
BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jessie K. Edwards, Stephen R. Cole, Tiffany L. Breger, Jacqueline E. Rudolph, Lindsey M. Filiatreau, Kate Buchacz, Elizabeth Humes, Peter F. Rebeiro, Gypsyamber D'Souza, M. John Gill, Michael J. Silverberg, W. Christopher Mathews, Michael A. Horberg, Jennifer Thorne, H. Irene Hall, Amy Justice, Vincent C. Marconi, Viviane D. Lima, Ronald J. Bosch, Timothy R. Sterling, Keri N. Althoff, Richard D. Moore, Michael Saag, Joseph J. Eron
Summary: Mortality among persons entering HIV care decreased significantly between 1999 and 2017, although they remained at slightly higher risk for death compared to the general U.S. population after starting care.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Anthony J. Santella, Carrigan Parish, Rui Dan, Daniel J. Feaster, Allan E. Rodriguez, Carlos del Rio, Wendy S. Armstrong, Petra Jacobs, Lisa R. Metsch
Summary: This study found that lower education levels, lack of health insurance, and higher food insecurity may negatively impact the likelihood of seeking dental care among people living with HIV and substance use disorders.
JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
C. Speckemeier, A. Niemann, M. Weitzel, C. Abels, K. Hoefer, A. Walendzik, J. Wasem, S. Neusser
Summary: Alternative forms of housing have been developed to provide care for individuals with dementia. This systematic review analyzes these innovative housing concepts and their effects on residents' quality of life, behavior, cognition, and emotions. While some studies suggest positive effects, others show increased behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in residents living in these settings.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Charles Beguelin, Andrew Atkinson, Anders Boyd, Karolin Falconer, Nikolai Kirkby, Franziska Suter-Riniker, Huldrych F. Guenthard, Juergen K. Rockstroh, Amanda Mocroft, Andri Rauch, Lars Peters, Gilles Wandeler
Summary: A study found a high prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Europe, which is the most severe form of viral hepatitis. This study analyzed data from a large HIV cohort collaboration to characterize the epidemiological trends of HDV in Europe and its impact on clinical outcomes.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Gerontology
Kalisha Bonds, MinKyoung Song, Carol J. Whitlatch, Karen S. Lyons, Jeffrey A. Kaye, Christopher S. Lee
Summary: The study found a relationship between appraisal of decision-making involvement and quality of life in African American dementia dyads, identifying three distinct patterns. PLWDs in the Congruent, PLWD High Involvement pattern were younger and had less cognitive impairment, while those in Incongruent patterns showed significant differences in quality of life. Further strategies may be needed to improve the quality of life for PLWDs in different appraisal patterns.
Article
Immunology
Deus Lukoye, Gail Gustavson, Proscovia M. Namuwenge, Simon Muchuro, Estella Birabwa, Seyoum Dejene, Julius Ssempiira, Julius N. Kalamya, Steven Baveewo, Odile Ferroussier-Davis, Lisa A. Mills, Emilio Dirlikov, Lisa J. Nelson, Stavia Turyahabwe
Summary: Uganda significantly increased TB preventive therapy coverage among people living with HIV from 0.6% to 88.8% during the period of October 2016 to March 2022. TB notification rates among people living with HIV also increased from 881.1 to 972.5 per 100,000. Timely TB screening, diagnosis, and early treatment should be prioritized for TB/HIV prevention programming.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Gabster, Eliana Socha, Juan Miguel Pascale, Gonzalo Cabezas Talavero, Alezander Castrellon, Yaremis Quiel, Cesar Gantes, Philippe Mayaud
Summary: Panama's HIV epidemic in the Comarca Ngabe-Bugle (CNB) among Indigenous peoples is growing rapidly and remains poorly controlled. This unique and isolated population faces individual, social, and structural barriers to ART adherence and retention, including limited access to medical care and ART shortages. Interventions to improve HIV care and prevention should focus on increasing social support, reducing discrimination, and addressing structural barriers such as travel costs and decentralization of services.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Matthias Hoben, David B. Hogan, Jeffrey W. Poss, Andrea Gruneir, Kim McGrail, Lauren E. Griffith, Stephanie A. Chamberlain, Carole A. Estabrooks, Colleen J. Maxwell
Summary: This study compared trends in practice-sensitive, risk-adjusted quality indicators between assisted living (AL) and nursing homes (NHs), and examined changes in these trends after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed significant differences in quality indicators between AL and NHs, indicating the need to consider these differences when implementing improvement measures.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Michael S. Leapman, Kimberly Stone, Roxanne Wadia, Lesley S. Park, Cynthia L. Gibert, Matthew B. Goetz, Roger Bedimo, Maria Rodriguez-Barradas, Fatma Shebl, Amy C. Justice, Sheldon T. Brown, Kristina Crothers, Keith M. Sigel
Summary: The risk of prostate cancer among individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not well understood. This study found that when accounting for less prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing among HIV-positive individuals, the incidence of prostate cancer was similar to that of HIV-negative individuals.
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Afua Oteng Asare, Daphne Maurer, Agnes M. F. Wong, Wendy J. Ungar, Natasha Saunders
Summary: This study examines the association between material deprivation and the utilization of vision care services for young children. The results suggest that there is a low uptake of comprehensive eye examinations, especially among children living in the most materially deprived neighborhoods. Strategies are needed to improve uptake and reduce inequities.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wilian Correa-Macedo, Vinicius M. Fava, Marianna Orlova, Pauline Cassart, Ron Olivenstein, Joaquin Sanz, Yong Zhong Xu, Anne Dumaine, Renata Hm Sindeaux, Vania Yotova, Alain Pacis, Josee Girouard, Barbara Kalsdorf, Christoph Lange, Jean-Pierre Routy, Luis B. Barreiro, Erwin Schurr
Summary: The study indicates that PLWH and those receiving ART have a weaker response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to HIV-free individuals, with chromatin accessibility and transcriptional responsiveness of alveolar macrophages being more pronounced in the HC group.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Petra Jacobs, Daniel J. Feaster, Yue Pan, Lauren K. Gooden, Eric S. Daar, Gregory M. Lucas, Mamta K. Jain, Eliza L. Marsh, Wendy S. Armstrong, Allan Rodriguez, Carlos Del Rio, Lisa R. Metsch
Summary: The study investigated the effects of initiating ART in the hospital, finding that it is beneficial for increasing linkage to HIV care and frequency of outpatient visits, but not associated with retention and viral suppression. Participants recruited from Southern hospitals were less likely to initiate ART in the hospital.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Kendra Davis-Plourde, Monica Taljaard, Fan Li
Summary: This article presents a method for calculating sample size in SW-CRTs with subclusters, which can properly differentiate between-period and within-period correlation coefficients. It uses an extended block exchangeable correlation matrix to characterize the dependencies of outcomes within clusters and derives a closed-form sample size expression for Gaussian outcomes. For non-Gaussian outcomes, it proposes a generic sample size algorithm based on linearization.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gail Webber, Bwire Chirangi, Nyamusi Magatti, Ranjeeta Mallick, Monica Taljaard
Summary: Background rates of maternal mortality and morbidity in Africa are still high due to lack of access to skilled birth attendants and medications. In rural Tanzania, women face barriers in accessing healthcare facilities for deliveries. This study implemented a complex intervention including education, distribution of birth kits, and transport subsidies, which resulted in an increase in health facility births and no significant changes in maternal and baby morbidity/mortality rates.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea J. Chow, Ryan Iverson, Monica Lamoureux, Kylie Tingley, Isabel Jordan, Nicole Pallone, Maureen Smith, Zobaida Al-Baldawi, Pranesh Chakraborty, Jamie Brehaut, Alicia Chan, Eyal Cohen, Sarah Dyack, Lisa Jane Gillis, Sharan Goobie, Ian D. Graham, Cheryl R. Greenberg, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Robin Z. Hayeems, Shailly Jain-Ghai, Ann Jolly, Sara Khangura, Jennifer J. MacKenzie, Nathalie Major, John J. Mitchell, Stuart G. Nicholls, Amy Pender, Murray Potter, Chitra Prasad, Lisa A. Prosser, Andreas Schulze, Komudi Siriwardena, Rebecca Sparkes, Kathy Speechley, Sylvia Stockler, Monica Taljaard, Mari Teitelbaum, Yannis Trakadis, Clara van Karnebeek, Jagdeep S. Walia, Brenda J. Wilson, Kumanan Wilson, Beth K. Potter
Summary: This study aims to comprehensively understand the healthcare experiences of children with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) and their families in Canada. The research adopts a two-stage mixed methods design, which combines qualitative and quantitative data analysis to gain a better understanding of the care experiences of these families.
Article
Biology
Siyun Yang, Mirjam Moerbeek, Monica Taljaard, Fan Li
Summary: Pragmatic trials in healthcare interventions often use cluster randomization, but methods for determining sample size and power for continuous coprimary endpoints are lacking. We propose a method based on multivariate linear mixed models to address this gap and demonstrate its effectiveness through simulation studies.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Diana Koszycki, Monica Taljaard, Cary Kogan, Jacques Bradwejn, David Grimes
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depression. The results showed high acceptance and tolerance of IPT treatment, with improvements in depression symptoms.
JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kasim E. Abdulaziz, Monica Taljaard, Dar Dowlatshahi, Ian G. Stiell, George A. Wells, Jeffrey J. Perry
Summary: This study aimed to assess the variation in patient management between stroke prevention clinics (SPCs) in Canada and the impact of COVID-19 on patient care. The survey found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, many SPCs experienced longer wait times and an increase in the number of patients without completed bloodwork prior to appointments. However, some SPCs provided virtual care during the pandemic and plan to continue using it post-pandemic.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mary M. Scott, Haris Imsirovic, Michael Pugliese, Sarina R. Isenberg, Tim Ramsay, Amy T. Hsu, David Ponka, Henry Siu, Douglas G. Manuel, Peter Tanuseputro
Summary: This study identifies primary care physicians who deliver home visits at patients' end of life in Ontario, Canada, describes the characteristics of these physicians, and explores the associations with home visit delivery. The findings show that older age, international training, previous home visit experience, specific remuneration models, and practice locations in small rural or remote areas and large metropolitan areas are associated with increased likelihood of delivering end-of-life home visits.
JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hayden P. Nix, Emily A. Largent, Monica Taljaard, Susan L. Mitchell, Charles Weijer
Summary: This article introduces a framework for identifying vulnerabilities in cluster randomized trials involving people living with dementia in long-term care homes. It discusses the potential wrongs and suggests additional protections that can be implemented to mitigate vulnerability while preserving the scientific validity of the trials.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Kendra Davis-Plourde, Monica Taljaard, Fan Li
Summary: In this article, the authors propose computationally efficient power and sample size procedures for stepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs) with multivariate outcomes. They derive the joint distribution of the intervention test statistics under a multivariate linear mixed model and provide an example using the intersection-union test for co-primary outcomes. The authors also prove that the multivariate linear mixed model leads to a more efficient treatment effect estimator compared to the univariate linear mixed model under certain assumptions.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dawn Stacey, Claire Ludwig, Patrick Archambault, Maureen Smith, Monica Taljaard, Meg Carley, Karine Plourde, Laura Boland, Amede Gogovor, Ian Graham, Daniel Kobewka, Robert K. D. McLean, Michelle L. A. Nelson, Brandi Vanderspank-Wright, France Legare
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadians faced numerous new health-related decisions, and many of them reported difficulties in decision-making, resulting in decisional conflict and regret. Interventions should be designed to meet their decisional needs and support patients facing new health-related decisions.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy Craig-Neil, Julia Ho, Melissa Perri, Mark E. Gaspar, Charlotte Hunter, Beth N. Rachlis, Claire D. Kendall, Sergio Rueda, Ann Burchell, Andrew Pinto
Summary: This study aims to understand the perspectives of people living with HIV (PLWH) and their health care providers on the feasibility of integrating vocational rehabilitation with health care services. The study found that health care providers have little experience in assisting patients with employment, and PLWH have little experience in receiving employment interventions from their health care team. Therefore, further study is needed on the implementation processes and goals of these interventions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel M. Myran, Rhiannon Roberts, Eric McArthur, Nivethika Jeyakumar, Jennifer Hensel, Claire X. Kendall, Caroline M. Gerin-Lajoie, Taylor McFadden, Christopher Simon, Amit Garg, Manish Sood, Peter Tanuseputro
Summary: This study compared changes in mental health visits for physicians and non-physicians during COVID-19 and explored the differences in mental health visits between physicians and non-physicians pre-pandemic. The findings showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians had a larger increase in mental health visits compared to non-physicians, with a higher increase in virtual care visits. These results suggest that physicians may have experienced more negative mental health impacts during COVID-19 than the general population, highlighting the need for increased support and interventions for physician well-being.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Mackenzie Wilson, Zachary M. van Allen, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Jamie C. Brehaut, Audrey Durand, Jean-Francois Lalonde, Douglas G. Manuel, Susan Michie, Robert West, Justin Presseau
Summary: Through a study on Canadians, it was found that outcome expectancy was the strongest predictor of intention to reduce facial 'T-zone' touching, while self-efficacy only played a significant predictive role for the eyes and mouth touching. Automaticity was the strongest predictor of behavior at the 2-week follow-up. These findings suggest that focusing on reflective processes may increase intention to reduce 'T-zone' touching, while reducing actual touching may require strategies that address the automatic nature of this behavior.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Elizabeth Korevaar, Simon L. Turner, Andrew B. Forbes, Amalia Karahalios, Monica Taljaard, Joanne E. Mckenzie
Summary: This study examines the statistical methods for interrupted time series (ITS) analysis and meta-analysis, finding that all random effects meta-analysis methods yield unbiased estimates of the interruption effects, but frequently overestimate heterogeneity when standard errors of ITS studies are underestimated.
RESEARCH SYNTHESIS METHODS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Evehouenou Lionel Adisso, Monica Taljaard, Dawn Stacey, Nathalie Briere, Herve Tchala Vignon Zomahoun, Pierre Jacob Durand, Louis-Paul Rivest, France Legare
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of providing web-based training and workshops for home care teams in interprofessional shared decision-making, in addition to passive dissemination of a decision guide, in helping frail older adults or caregivers of cognitively-impaired frail older adults to play an active role in housing decision-making.