Journal
SPE JOURNAL
Volume 14, Issue 4, Pages 617-626Publisher
SOC PETROLEUM ENG
DOI: 10.2118/114060-PA
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Funding
- Aramco
- Baker-Petrolite
- BJ Chemical Services
- BP
- Champion Technologies
- Chevron
- Clariant
- ConocoPhillips
- Halliburton
- Kemira
- Marathon Oil
- MI Swaco
- Nalco
- Occidental Oil and Gas
- Petrobras
- Shell
- StatoilHydro
- Total
- National Science Foundation [EEC-0118007]
- China-US Center for Environmental Remediation and Sustainable Development
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This paper discusses research on scale inhibition and squeeze performance in the presence of Zn(2+). Some scale inhibitors, Such as bis-hexamethylenetriamine penta(phosphonic acid), BHPMP, and polymeric inhibitors, Such as phosphinopolycarboxylate (PPCA), have poor retention characteristics in conventional squeeze treatment, where less than 50% of the inhibitor is retained in the formation. In this Study, it was demonstrated that more than 90% of the same scale inhibitor was retained when Zn(2+) was included in the squeeze formulation. Furthermore, Zn(2+) showed significant synergistic effect on barite scale inhibition with certain amino-pentaphosphonate scale inhibitors [BHPMP and diethylenetrimine pentaphophonic acid (DTPMP)]. Stronger Solution complexes are observed for aminophosphonates type scale inhibitors with Zn(2+) than that with alkaline earth metal ions, Such as Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Ba(2+). This stronger solution complex formation with Zn(2+) may be attributed to the observed enhanced inhibition efficiency. Because of the lower Solubility of Zn(2+)-scale inhibitor salts, Zn(2+) added to the inhibitor pill significantly improves the retention of some scale inhibitors during squeeze treatment. In this paper, the projected squeeze life (PSL) is defined. When Zn(2+) is used in the inhibitor pill, the PSL for BHPMP is increased by a factor of 60 without significantly affecting the cost. Simulation indicates that the squeeze life may be improved significantly at the Guerra well if this new squeeze procedure is used.
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