Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evgenii Gusev, Yulia Zhuravleva
Summary: Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in damaged or threatened cells and is defined by various components. The microvascular inflammatory response plays a key role in the development of classical inflammatory foci, which can also lead to systemic inflammation. The division of inflammation into different variants has evolutionary roots.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
E. Epifano, D. Monceau
Summary: Ellingham diagrams are thermodynamic tools used to compare the stability of oxides, commonly for pure metals. However, due to difficulties in obtaining experimental chemical activity data, Ellingham diagrams for complex industrial alloys are rarely reported. This study shows how advanced thermodynamic databases can be used to address this issue by computing the Ellingham diagrams for four widely used alloys and discussing their oxidation behavior and differences from the Ellingham diagrams of pure metals.
Review
Virology
Alexandro Guterres
Summary: Viral load is crucial for monitoring HIV infection and assessing the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, and has also gained widespread attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, relying solely on Ct values for viral load estimation can be problematic due to variations in PCR assays, sample quality, and assay sensitivity. The lack of standardized methods impedes viral load monitoring in clinical management.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Martin E. Heroux, Annie A. Butler, Lucy S. Robertson, Georgia Fisher, Simon C. Gandevia
Summary: This article proposes a novel framework for human proprioception assessment, which includes low-level and high-level proprioceptive judgments. Low-level judgments are made within a single reference frame, while high-level judgments are made in a different reference frame.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Stephen P. Reidel, Karl R. Fecht, Ingrid L. Hutter (Harrold), Terry L. Tolan, Mickie A. Chamness
Summary: The Olympic-Wallowa lineament (OWL) is a controversial geological feature extending nearly 650 km across the Pacific Northwest. It is recognized to be active with deformation continuing from the Miocene to Recent, with two competing interpretations on the style of deformation. Researchers focus on the portion of the OWL in the central Columbia Basin, demonstrating that it consists of north-verging, thrusted anticlines controlled by a basement fault.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Simin Zhang, Carmen Menoni, Vitaly Gruzdev, Enam Chowdhury
Summary: The chirped pulse amplification technique allows for the generation of ultra-short duration pulses with high peak powers. However, the damage of coatings in laser systems limits the further improvement of pulse duration, energy, and repetition rate. In this study, a numerical approach based on strong field electronic dynamics is proposed to estimate the laser induced damage threshold (LID) of dielectric multilayer coatings. The method is applied to simulate the LID threshold of different materials and compared with experimental measurements.
Article
Immunology
Sonia T. Almeida, Ana Cristina Paulo, Filipe Froes, Herminia de Lencastre, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: The study found that the pneumococcal carrier state in healthy adults is more dynamic than generally assumed, with frequent acquisition and often long duration of carriage. This suggests that some adults may act as reservoirs of pneumococci, impacting the potential herd effects achievable through children vaccination depending on the community's social structure. These findings are important for designing strategies to prevent pneumococcal disease in adults.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wojciech W. W. Grabowski, Hanna Pawlowska
Summary: The spectral width of cloud droplet spectrum plays a crucial role in the radiative properties and drizzle/rain development in warm ice-free clouds. In this study, we use an adiabatic rising parcel model to investigate the activation and diffusional growth of cloud droplets, with a focus on the evolution of spectral width in both clean and polluted environments. Our results show that the effects of kinetics, solute, and surface tension have a significant impact on the spectral width evolution above the cloud base. These findings have important implications for cloud modeling, particularly in the application of conventional bin microphysics.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adi Gabarin, Ludmila Yarmolinsky, Arie Budovsky, Boris Khalfin, Shimon Ben-Shabat
Summary: Cannabis plants have been used in medicine for a long time due to their various medicinal properties. However, few cannabis-related drugs have been approved. Research indicates that targeting the endocannabinoid system and other receptors with cannabinoid compounds shows promise for treating multiple medical conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ngoc Mai Duong, Angelina Noclain, Victoria E. Reichel, Pierre de Cordovez, Jean-Marc Di Meglio, Pascal Hersen, Gaelle Charron
Summary: In this study, a calibration-free quantitative SERS analysis strategy was proposed using a colorimetric volumetric titration method. By monitoring the progression of the titration through the SERS signal of a complexometric indicator, the equivalence point can be determined conveniently. Three mineral waters with divalent metal concentrations varying by a factor of 25 were successfully titrated using this method with satisfactory accuracy. Remarkably, this procedure can be completed in less than an hour and is suitable for field measurements without the need for laboratory-grade equipment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. van Gend, M. L. Francis, A. P. Watson, L. Palcsu, A. Horvath, P. H. Macey, P. le Roux, C. E. Clarke, J. A. Miller
Summary: Namaqualand in South Africa is a global biodiversity hotspot, but local populations face economic challenges due to poor access to water. The study identified sources of salts in groundwater, linking them to marine aerosols and ion-exchange reactions in soils. The research also found that evaporation does not play a major role in salinisation, with groundwater salinity correlating with the presence of heuweltjies in the region.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Giuseppe Ruello, Riccardo Lattanzi
Summary: The study introduces a theoretical framework for describing scattering from spheres, which decomposes the total field in terms of inward and outward electromagnetic fields and provides intuitive understanding of reflection and transmission coefficients. It extends previous theories by introducing impedance transfer expression and yields closed-form solutions for the fields inside and outside the sphere, allowing for evaluation of transmitted power and connection with the modulus of the reflection coefficient. The method is consistent with classical Mie scattering theory and offers intuitive physical interpretation of electromagnetic scattering, especially for inward traveling spherical waves.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Tal Sella, Ann H. Partridge
Summary: Although there is concern that adding ovarian function suppression to endocrine treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patients may increase nonadherence to treatment, a study showed that the combination did not worsen adherence rates compared to oral endocrine therapy alone.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Laurie Houle, Erin Barker, Emily Pronin
Summary: Playing hard-to-get can be an effective strategy for attracting prospective mates, but it may backfire if it leads them to withhold their attraction. This study aims to review research on the link between playing hard-to-get and romantic/sexual outcomes. The results suggest that this strategy can work if optimal levels of uncertainty and difficulty are achieved. However, additional factors such as commitment, aversion to uncertainty, and gender/attachment styles play a role in its efficacy.
JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Michael Chazan, Alexandra Sumner, Liora Kolska Horwitz, David Morris
Summary: This article presents the results of excavation at Canteen Kopje, revealing a combination of European manufactured ceramics and glass with locally made objects, as well as material culture associated with remains of wild animals. The study argues that the early Vaal River diamond diggings represent a stage of extractive economies in southern Africa, indicating a lack of rigid control over space and people at that time.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Delphine Carayon, Kaustubh Adhikari, Paul Monsarrat, Jean Dumoncel, Jose Braga, Benjamin Duployer, Miguel Delgado, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Frikkie de Beer, Jakobus W. Hoffman, Anna C. Oettle, Richard Donat, Lei Pan, Andres Ruiz-Linares, Christophe Tenailleau, Frederic Vaysse, Remi Esclassan, Clement Zanolli
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Fisheries
James A. Vanegas-Rios, Maria de las M. Azpelicueta, Luiz R. Malabarba
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Paleontology
Marine Cazenave, Anna Oettle, John Francis Thackeray, Masato Nakatsukasa, Frikkie de Beer, Jakobus Hoffman, Roberto Macchiarelli
COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL
(2019)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Aluwani Nengovhela, Jose Braga, Christiane Denys, Frikkie de Beer, Christophe Tenailleau, Peter J. Taylor
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2019)
Article
Anthropology
Amelie Beaudet, Ronald J. Clarke, Edwin J. de Jager, Laurent Bruxelles, Kristian J. Carlson, Robin Crompton, Frikkie de Beer, Jelle Dhaene, Jason L. Heaton, Kudakwashe Jakata, Tea Jashashvili, Kathleen Kuman, Juliet McClymont, Travis R. Pickering, Dominic Stratford
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2019)
Article
Anthropology
Amalie Beaudet, Ronald J. Clarke, Laurent Bruxelles, Kristian J. Carlson, Robin Crompton, Frikkie de Beer, Jelle Dhaene, Jason L. Heaton, Kudakwashe Jakata, Tea Jashashvili, Kathleen Kuman, Juliet McClymont, Travis R. Pickering, Dominic Stratford
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2019)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
R. James Roberts, Keabetswe D. Lehong, Andries E. J. Botha, Gelu Costin, Frikkie C. De Beer, Willem J. Hoffman, Callum J. Hetherington
MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Anthropology
Jose Braga, Veronika Zimmer, Jean Dumoncel, Chafik Samir, Frikkie de Beer, Clement Zanolli, Deborah Pinto, F. James Rohlf, Frederick E. Grine
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2019)
Article
Anthropology
Marine Cazenave, Jose Braga, Anna Oettle, Travis Rayne Pickering, Jason L. Heaton, Masato Nakatsukasa, J. Francis Thackeray, Frikkie de Beer, Jakobus Hoffman, Jean Dumoncel, Roberto Macchiarelli
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2019)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Robert Nshimirimana, Ajith Abraham, Gawie Nothnagel, Andries Engelbrecht
Summary: This paper describes a simplified approach to optimizing the radiography process using a virtual environment, utilizing ray tracing technique and particle swarm optimization routine to calculate and optimize the design parameters of the radiography system. The method provides a straightforward virtual environment for basic radiography training and experimental planning.
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Robert Nshimirimana, Ajith Abraham, Gawie Nothnagel
Summary: The NF-MOPSO algorithm uses constant PSO control parameters to solve various multi-objective optimization problems without the need for parameter tuning.
NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Ecology
A. U. Anish, K. R. Baiju, Praveen Kurian Thomas, Milan Anns, P. B. Rajkumar, Sreeraj Babu
Summary: By compiling data from GIS-enabled morphometric studies on rivers, a better understanding of the lithologic, tectonic, and climatic controls on river development in Kerala state is gained, with prospects to create an updated digital Drainage Network Atlas.
REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clement Zanolli, Thomas W. Davies, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Amelie Beaudet, Laurent Bruxelles, Frikkie de Beer, Jakobus Hoffman, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Kudakwashe Jakata, Lazarus Kgasi, Ottmar Kullmer, Roberto Macchiarelli, Lei Pan, Friedemann Schrenk, Frederic Santos, Dominic Stratford, Mirriam Tawane, Francis Thackeray, Song Xing, Bernhard Zipfel, Matthew M. Skinner
Summary: The origins of early Homo species and their diversity and distribution are still important questions in paleoanthropology. A study on Early Pleistocene Homo teeth from southern African sites suggests that only a few specimens can be unambiguously attributed to the genus Homo, while others retain dental traits of Australopithecus.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Remote Sensing
A. U. Anish, K. R. Baiju, Sreenath Sekhar
SPATIAL INFORMATION RESEARCH
(2019)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Francis Thackeray, Jean Dumoncel, Dominique Gommery, Lazarus Kgasi, Gaokgatlhe M. Tawane, Frikkie C. de Beer, Jakobus W. Hoffman, Lunga C. Bam
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
(2019)
