Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wissal Belayachi, Gerald Ferblantier, Thomas Fix, Guy Schmerber, Jean-Luc Rehspringer, Thomas Heiser, Abdelilah Slaoui, Mohammed Abd-Lefdil, Aziz Dinia
Summary: Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are essential for solar cells, and tin dioxide (SnO2) films, with their rich sources, low cost, and non-toxicity, are potential substitutes for the commonly used indium-doped tin oxide (ITO). SnO2 films deposited using radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering exhibit high visible-light transmittance and excellent electrical properties, making them suitable for organic solar cells (OSCs) electrodes. Despite slightly lower power conversion efficiency compared to ITO, SnO2 TCO shows promise as a viable alternative.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Avishek Banik, John Z. Tubbesing, Bin Luo, Xiaoting Zhang, Jay A. Switzer
Summary: The development of future optoelectronic materials relies on the high-performance p-type materials with optical transparency. Epitaxial growth of gamma-CuI on single crystalline Si(111) using a room-temperature electrochemical method demonstrates high in-plane and out-of-plane order. The deposition mechanism involves nucleating CuI seed crystals on n-Si(111) and simultaneous oxidation of Si to form SiOx, resulting in the lateral overgrowth of CuI seeds into a continuous film.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jun Sung Jang, Vijay C. Karade, Mahesh P. Suryawanshi, Dong Min Lee, Jihun Kim, Suyoung Jang, Myeong Cheol Baek, Mingrui He, Jin Hyeok Kim, Seung Wook Shin
Summary: This study reports the improved long-term stability of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) using oxide/metal/oxide (OMO)-based transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs), specifically ZnO-based oxide/Ag/Al-doped ZnO (AZO), with post heating treatment. The CZTSSe TFSCs with Ga-doped ZnO containing OMO TCEs show excellent long-term stability with minimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) losses, while TFSCs with conventional AZO TCEs experience significant PCE losses after several months. The passivation mechanism of the Ag-doped ZnO interfacial layer in the OMO TCEs is also demonstrated.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ganesh T. Chavan, Youngkuk Kim, Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar, Shahzada Qamar Hussain, Eun-Chel Cho, Junsin Yi, Zubair Ahmad, Pitcheri Rosaiah, Chan-Wook Jeon
Summary: Global warming and socioeconomic issues have led to increased focus on renewable energy, with solar cells being considered an important source. Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), particularly Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO), have proven to be effective TCO materials for improving the efficiency of silicon heterojunction solar cells (SHJ SCs). The use of doped-ITO thin films has shown promising characteristics and contributed to the increased efficiency of SHJ SCs. The article discusses the deposition of TCO films, parameters affecting TCO properties, characteristics of doped and undoped TCO materials, and their impact on SHJ SC efficiency, based on ongoing research and development activities.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Juhui Oh, Ju-Hyeon Kim, Yong Ryun Kim, Ardalan Armin, Sanseong Lee, Kiyoung Park, Hongkyu Kang, Kwanghee Lee
Summary: We demonstrate a new tungsten oxide (WO3)-based multilayer as a highly conductive and transparent top electrode for transparent organic solar cells (T-OSCs). By optimizing the thicknesses of the multilayer electrodes using optical simulations, we achieve a T-OSC with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.0% and a full device average photopic transmittance (APT) of 46.7%. Furthermore, the WO3-based T-OSCs exhibit superior thermal stability at 85 degrees C in an N2 atmosphere, maintaining 98% of the initial PCE after about 231 hours.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Juhui Oh, Ju-Hyeon Kim, Yong Ryun Kim, Ardalan Armin, Sanseong Lee, Kiyoung Park, Hongkyu Kang, Kwanghee Lee
Summary: Tailoring the average photopic transmittance of transparent organic solar cells (T-OSCs) has been a major challenge in building-integrated photovoltaic applications. This study demonstrates the use of a tungsten oxide-based multilayer as a highly conductive and transparent top electrode, leading to high efficiency and transparency in T-OSCs.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Takashi Koida, Takuya Matsui, Hitoshi Sai
Summary: This study explores the possibility of using amorphous SnO2 as a substitute for In2O3-based transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. The research demonstrates that the a-SnO2 thin films have good conductivity, high transparency, and excellent damp heat stability. When applied in SHJ solar cells, the a-SnO2 layer shows no negative effect on the performance compared to indium tin oxide layers. This suggests that a-SnO2 has the potential to be a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional In2O3-based TCOs.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Takaya Sugiura, Nobuhiko Nakano
Summary: The performance of different transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials in heterojunction back contact + (HBC+) solar cells was assessed. Among the TCO materials evaluated, the HBC+ cell with TiO2 showed the best performance under bifacial illumination conditions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gangqiang Dong, Jia Li, Yu Zhao, Xiaochao Ran, Chen-Wei Peng, Daliang He, Chuanhong Jin, Qi Wang, Hao Jiang, Yongsheng Zhang, Xinmin Cao, Cao Yu
Summary: In this study, an efficiency of 24.94% was achieved in M6 wafer scale SHJ cells using DC sputtering deposited AZO transparent electrode. By introducing a transition metal doped indium oxide interfacial layer, significantly higher SHJ cell performance was achieved with better interface and AZO quality. The conversion efficiency of SHJ cells surpassed that of the ITO reference cell with only about 50% indium consumption.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weiyuan Duan, Karsten Bittkau, Andreas Lambertz, Kaifu Qiu, Zhirong Yao, Paul Steuter, Depeng Qiu, Uwe Rau, Kaining Ding
Summary: Introducing a high-refractive-index a-Si:H layer in solar cells improves the infrared response and shows potential for enhancing performance. This design has the advantage of promoting IR response and is likely to have broader applications in the future.
Article
Energy & Fuels
L. Sowjanya Pali, Jeetendra Kumar Tiwari, Nasir Ali, Subhasis Ghosh, Kanwar S. Nalwa, Ashish Garg
Summary: This study focuses on the integration of a MoO3/Au/MoO3 multilayered electrode with organic solar cells, demonstrating improved optical and electrical characteristics. The results show that the MoO3/Au/MoO3 electrode enhances light coupling and conductivity, leading to a significant increase in photovoltaic performance on opaque steel substrates.
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Riza Paul, S. Arulkumar, K. Jenifer, S. Parthiban
Summary: Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films are widely used in CdTe thin-film solar cells, but the higher cost of ITO and lower transmittance of FTO have limited their application. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) is a promising alternative due to its earth-abundant nature, but its electrical properties are prone to deterioration under certain conditions. This review proposes that ultra-thin-layer Al-capped AZO thin films could provide high thermal stability without compromising electrical and optical properties, making them suitable for use in CdTe thin-film solar cells.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Wei Cui, Fengjiao Chen, Yawen Li, Xiaodong Su, Baoquan Sun
Summary: Efficiently harvesting solar energy into electricity is a feasible way to address energy supply challenges. Crystal silicon has been the dominant material for photovoltaic manufacture due to its ideal optical bandgap and mature semiconductor technology. However, the cost/output power trade-off remains an obstacle to the expanding market share of heterojunction cells.
MATERIALS TODAY NANO
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kyung Soo Cho, Seoin Kang, Yong-Jun Oh, Joon Sik Park, Sangyeob Lee, Jung-Sub Wi, Jeung-Hun Park, Soomin Song, Kihwan Kim, Young-Joo Eo, Jae Ho Yun, Jihye Gwak, Jun-Sik Cho, Choong-Heui Chung
Summary: This study developed a hierarchical silver network that meets the requirements of low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, excellent mechanical flexibility, and good integration with thin-film solar cells. The hierarchical network showed better device performance compared to a silver micromesh alone when applied to Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 thin-film solar cells.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nikita Gagrani, Kaushal Vora, Chennupati Jagadish, Hark Hoe Tan
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics and applications of p-type transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) through the deposition of SnxNiyOz films. The study explores the optical and electrical properties, band alignment, and stability of the films, as well as the behavior of LEDs using these materials. The results demonstrate the potential of SnxNiyOz as a high-performance p-type TCO for transparent electronics and optoelectronics applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tristan Carrere, Raphael Lachaume, Quang Minh Thai, Marianne Coig, Jean-Paul Kleider, Delfina Munoz
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2018)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Andrej Campa, Anthony Valla, Kristijan Brecl, Franc Smole, Delfina Munoz, Marko Topic
IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Viet Huong Nguyen, Ulrich Gottlieb, Anthony Valla, Delfina Munoz, Daniel Bellet, David Munoz-Rojas
MATERIALS HORIZONS
(2018)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Felix Gerenton, Julien Eymard, Samuel Harrison, Raphael Clerc, Delfina Munoz
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Viet Huong Nguyen, Abderrahime Sekkat, Carmen Jimenez, Delfina Munoz, Daniel Bellet, David Munoz-Rojas
Summary: Controlling precursor exposure is crucial for optimum ALD process, with SALD being a faster and vacuum-free alternative. Our study on ZnO film deposition using SALD shows the importance of balancing growth rate, precursor consumption, and film density for process efficiency and quality.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Apolline Puaud, Anne-Sophie Ozanne, Laurie-Lou Senaud, Delfina Munoz, Charles Roux
Summary: A microcrystalline silicon tunnel junction was developed to be used as a tunnel recombination junction in a monolithic tandem integration between a large-gap top cell and a silicon heterojunction bottom cell. The addition of this junction on top of silicon heterojunction solar cells improved field effect and passivation, showing promising results for complete integration on the tandem device.
IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luca Serenelli, Luca Martini, Francesca Menchini, Massimo Izzi, Giampiero Cesare, Giuseppe Condorelli, Cosimo Gerardi, Delfina Munoz, Mario Tucci
Summary: Crystalline silicon-based heterojunction solar cells have become the preferred choice for manufacturing companies due to their low temperature processes and high efficiencies. However, the maximum efficiency is still limited by factors such as Fill Factor and base contact issues. Addressing hidden barriers at the base contact and recognizing barriers at the emitter side are crucial for improving cell efficiency.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
J-F Lelievre, R. Couderc, N. Pinochet, L. Sicot, D. Munoz, R. Kopecek, P. Ferrada, A. Marzo, D. Olivares, F. Valencia, E. Urrejola
Summary: We propose a definition for an accelerated ageing procedure for photovoltaic modules under high irradiance and desert conditions, aiming to create a Desert Label for the Atacama Desert. We present experimental findings from indoor tests and outdoor monitoring, which allow us to select appropriate ageing tests and evaluate the reliability and durability of different module configurations.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Agata Lachowicz, Gaelle Andreatta, Nicolas Blondiaux, Antonin Faes, Nicolas Badel, Juan J. Diaz Leon, Christophe Allebe, Charly Fontaine, Paul-Henri Haumesser, Johann Jourdan, Delfina Munoz, Maxime Godard, Maxime Darmon, Sylvain Nicolay, Matthieu Despeisse, Christophe Ballif
Summary: The current PV production consumes about 2000 tons of silver annually, representing 10% of the world's silver supply. The expected growth in PV production in the next decades may lead to higher silver prices and pressure to replace silver with copper. The Ameliz project has developed various patterning methods for copper electrodeposition and is investigating methods for improving adhesion and selectively forming a copper seed layer.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH WORKSHOP ON METALLIZATION AND INTERCONNECTION FOR CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Arttu Tuomiranta, Jean Cattin, Jacques Levrat, Herve Colin, Francesco Rametta, Olivier Dupre, Mathieu Boccard, Vincent Barth, Andre Richter, Delfina Munoz, Claudio Colletti, Massimo Izzi, Antonin Faes, Matthieu Despeisse, Pierre-Jean Alet, Christophe Ballif, Hosni Ghedira
2020 47TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Claudio Colletti, Cosimo Gerardi, Benjamin Strahm, Andre Richter, Delfina Munoz, Massimo Izzi, Jacques Levrat, Christophe Ballif, Oyvind Nielsen, Brian Hartlin, Bernhard Melzer, Miklos Tallian, Salvatore Lombardo, Marco Balucani, Jochen Rentsch
2020 47TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
C. Gerardi, C. Colletti, F. Bizzarri, B. Strahm, A. Richter, D. Munoz, M. Izzi, J. Levrat, C. Ballif, O. Nielsen, B. Hartlin, B. Melzer, M. Tallian, S. Lombardo, M. Balucani, J. Rentsch
2019 IEEE 46TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
F. Gerenton, S. Harrison, J. Eymard, P. Lefillastre, R. Varache, V. Nguyen, D. Munoz, C. Roux
2019 IEEE 46TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
G. Condorelli, W. Favre, A. Battaglia, P. Rotoli, A. Canino, M. Sciuto, A. Ragonesi, A. Danel, D. Munoz, C. Roux, J-F Lerat, F. Medlege, V Barth, L. Sicot, P-J. Ribeyron, C. Gerardi
2018 IEEE 7TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION (WCPEC) (A JOINT CONFERENCE OF 45TH IEEE PVSC, 28TH PVSEC & 34TH EU PVSEC)
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Ravi Vasudevan, Samuel Harrison, Guillaume D'Alonzo, Adnan Moustafa, Oriol Nos, Delfina Munoz, Charles Roux
SILICONPV 2018: THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2018)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shahriyar Safat Dipta, Md Habibur Rahaman, Walia Binte Tarique, Ashraful Hossain Howlader, Ayush Pratik, John A. Stride, Ashraf Uddin
Summary: Implementing a double-sided passivation approach can enhance the performance of n-i-p structured PSCs and improve the stability and photovoltaic properties of the cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daniel Ourinson, Andreas Brand, Andreas Lorenz, Marwan Dhamrin, Sebastian Tepner, Michael Linse, Nathalie Goettlicher, Kosuke Tsuji, Jonas D. Huyeng, Florian Clement
Summary: This work presents two approaches to reduce the amount of silver on the rear side of M2-sized industrial iTOPCon solar cells. The Cu-based approach shows promise with similar power conversion efficiency compared to the conventional approach, while the Al-based approach exhibits some limitations but demonstrates the potential of such type of contact for iTOPCon solar cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abasifreke Ebong, Donald Intal, Sandra Huneycutt, Thad Druffel, Ruvini Dharmadasa, Kevin Elmer, Apolo Nambo
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful metallization of a PERC silicon solar cell using screen-printable copper (Cu) paste. The Cu paste contains antioxidant additives and diffusion inhibitors to prevent oxidation and diffusion of Cu. The Cu-printed cells achieved an efficiency of 19% and showed no Cu diffusion after characterization tests. The long-term stability and effectiveness of the Cu diffusion barrier were also confirmed.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Senami Zogbo, Wilfried Favre, Olivier Bonino, Marie-Estelle Gueunier-Farret
Summary: Measuring specific contact resistivity (pc) is crucial for interface engineering in high efficiency solar cells. The Transfer Length Method (TLM) is commonly used for evaluating layer sheet resistance (Rsheet) and pc, but it is not suitable for metal/Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) interface evaluation in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells. This study investigates the parameters that restrict current confinement within the TCO, including mid-gap trap density (Dit) at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface and the activation energy (Ea = Ec - EF) variation of a-Si:H contact layers.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jean-Baptiste Charpentier, Philippe Voarino, Julien Gaume
Summary: The phenomenon of ribbon lengthening in PV modules exposed to thermal cycling is not well explained in the literature. In this study, a three layers model is proposed to explain this effect, and the predictions of the model are validated through finite element method simulations and experiments. The results show that the model predictions are consistent with the indirect measurements, but not with the direct measurements. Additionally, it is inferred that the encapsulant plays a role after the solder failure.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jean-Baptiste Charpentier, Philippe Voarino, Julien Gaume
Summary: This study investigates the problematic ribbon lengthening observed in PV modules exposed to high amplitude thermal cycling. A simplified system model is proposed and accurate predictions are obtained using the Finite Element Method. The results show that the thickness of the encapsulant has a substantial impact on the lengthening of the ribbons.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Catalan-Gomez, E. Martinez Castellano, M. Schwarz, M. Montes Bajo, L. Dorado Vargas, A. Gonzalo, A. Redondo-Cubero, A. Gallego Carro, A. Hierro, J. M. Ulloa
Summary: This study investigates the use of core-shell gallium nanoparticles as functional light scatterers on solar cells. By optimizing the nanoparticle size, the short-circuit current of the solar cells is significantly improved. The underlying physical mechanism is studied through optical measurements and simulations, and a method to reduce the plasmonic effect of the nanoparticles is demonstrated.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Gamel, G. Lopez, A. M. Medrano, A. Jimenez, A. Datas, M. Garin, I. Martin
Summary: In this study, a highly reflective ohmic contact to p-type c-Ge material is demonstrated, which can improve the efficiency of thermophotovoltaic devices. The experimental results show that this contact can simultaneously meet the requirements of good back surface passivation, low electrical resistivity, and high reflectivity. Moreover, simulations suggest that implementing these back contacts has the potential to achieve conversion efficiencies comparable to high-efficiency c-Ge TPV cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hongyang Wei, Qing Xu, Dongchu Chen, Min Chen, Menglei Chang, Xiufang Ye
Summary: This study prepared solar selective absorption films based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) photonic crystals using a unique electrodeposition method. The Co-Ag electrodeposited film exhibited superior solar selective absorption properties and thermal stability.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ankit Kumar, Ankit Chauhan, Jordi Llobet, Helder Fonseca, Patricia C. Sousa, Carlos Calaza, Gil Shalev
Summary: This study found that decorating subwavelength arrays with SiO2 quasi-nanolenses (qNL arrays) can enhance the absorption of the solar spectrum. Optical absorption mechanisms in qNL arrays were investigated using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), revealing that the enhancement is a result of the combination of effective antireflection coating, increased optical interactions between adjacent dielectrics for elevated light trapping, and strong light concentration due to the presence of qNLs.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Pingel, T. Wenzel, N. Goettlicher, M. Linse, L. Folcarelli, J. Schube, S. Hoffmann, S. Tepner, Y. C. Lau, J. Huyeng, A. Lorenz, F. Clement
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential to reduce silver consumption in highly efficient SHJ cells through fine-line screen printing using low temperature paste with various screens. The results show that using finer mesh allows for narrower grid fingers and lower resistance, leading to improved cell efficiency. Simulation results indicate that module wire configuration is crucial for reducing silver consumption.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xibo He, Jun Qiu, Wei Wang, Yicheng Hou, Yong Shuai
Summary: This paper proposes a novel phase change material with high thermal conductivity and stability for fast photo-thermal conversion and storage. The experimental results demonstrate excellent durability and stability of the phase change material, with good performance in thermal conductivity and thermal storage efficiency.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qingyuan Liu, Lin Wang, Zheng Liu, Guohua Liu
Summary: A new evaporating structure consisting of liquid marble with tunable nanowire array is proposed to enhance solar evaporation. The experiments show that the liquid marble with nanowire array exhibits outstanding evaporation performance, which has significant implications for seawater desalination or wastewater treatment.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Liu, Qiming Liu, Jinpei Liu, Yonggang Zhao, Yingjie Yu, Yue An, Ganghui Wei, Yanzheng Li, Yujun Fu, Junshuai Li, Deyan He
Summary: Moisture in the air is identified as the main cause of performance degradation in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells. Exposure to air leads to the growth of thin oxide layer on the interface and the formation of silver sulfide, increasing the series resistance and decreasing the fill factor, thus degrading the cell performance.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
E. Blanco, P. Martin, M. Dominguez, P. Fernandez-Palacios, I. Lombardero, C. Sanchez-Perez, I. Garcia, C. Algora, M. Gabas
Summary: This study addresses the lack of optical parameters for p-type Ge wafers by determining the complex refractive indices of commercial Ge wafers with varying doping levels. The obtained data successfully reproduces the critical points associated with interband transitions and absorption features below the bandgap. The refractive indices were validated through experimental measurements and solar cell simulations.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
