Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Naoki Yamamoto, Ryo Yokokura
Summary: This article investigates the instability of 0-form and higher-form symmetries in the presence of background fields and provides a counting rule to describe the number of unstable NG modes.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yuki Minami, Hiroyoshi Nakano, Yoshimasa Hidaka
Summary: In studying an O(N) scalar model under shear flow, it was found that the Nambu-Goldstone mode splits into an infinite number of gapless rainbow modes, each with different group velocities and a fractional dispersion relation omega similar to k(1)(2/3) where k(1) is the wave number along the flow direction. These behaviors are not present in an equilibrium state.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yoshimasa Hidaka, Yuji Hirono, Ryo Yokokura
Summary: In this study, we discuss the counting of Nambu-Goldstone modes associated with the spontaneous breaking of higher-form global symmetries. Effective field theories of NG modes are developed based on symmetry-breaking patterns, using a generalized coset construction for higher-form symmetries. The formula derived for the number of gapless NG modes involves expectation values of the commutators of conserved charges, possibly of different degrees.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Masaru Hongo, Suro Kim, Toshifumi Noumi, Atsuhisa Ota
Summary: This study develops the effective field theory to describe diffusive Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes associated with spontaneous internal symmetry breaking in nonequilibrium open systems. The derived effective Lagrangian and matching conditions for low-energy coefficients reveal the diffusive gapless behaviors of the NG modes unique to open systems. Two typical situations in condensed matter physics and high-energy physics are demonstrated, showing the appearance of diffusive type-A or type-B NG modes.
Article
Optics
Rodney E. S. Polkinghorne, Tapio P. Simula
Summary: This study investigates rotating finite-size vortex arrays in Bose-Einstein condensates confined by cylindrically symmetric external potentials, demonstrating the presence of two Nambu-Goldstone zero modes associated with spontaneously broken continuous symmetries. The analytical results were verified through direct numerical diagonalizations of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, and comparisons were made between rotating vortex lattices in superfluids, supersolids, and discrete time crystals.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hyun Min Lee, Adriana G. Menkara
Summary: We propose a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone inflation mechanism where twin waterfall fields facilitate the graceful exit of the inflaton from inflation through a waterfall transition. The Z2 symmetry of the waterfall fields and the inflaton shields the inflaton potential from dangerous quantum corrections. Our findings demonstrate a broad range of viable inflationary models with natural parameters and initial conditions, and we discuss the reheating process involving the perturbative decay of the waterfall field through a Z2 invariant Higgs portal. Additionally, we present a microscopic model for the interaction between the inflaton and twin waterfall fields within the framework of dark QCD with light and heavy quarks.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Shuta Ishigaki, Masataka Matsumoto
Summary: The study investigates the dispersion relation of Nambu-Goldstone modes in a dissipative system using the AdS/CFT correspondence, showing that these modes exhibit linear and diffusive behaviors in a non-equilibrium steady state.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ian Low, Laurentiu Rodina, Zhewei Yin
Summary: In this study, it was found that the higher derivative operators for Nambu-Goldstone bosons exhibit a double copy structure at different orders, with certain operators showing flavor-kinematics duality in their amplitudes.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yoshihiko Abe, Takashi Toma, Koji Tsumura, Naoki Yamatsu
Summary: The study discusses a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) dark matter model based on a gauged U(1)(B-L) symmetry, and proposes a pNGB dark matter model within the framework of an SO(10) grand unified theory. By solving the renormalization group equations for gauge coupling constants, key parameters such as the gauge coupling constants of U(1)(B-L) and the kinetic mixing parameter can be determined, leading to consistency with all constraints.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yoshihiko Abe, Takashi Toma
Summary: In this paper, the authors investigate the elastic scattering behavior of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson dark matter and its detectability, finding that the relationship between mediator mass and momentum transfer has a significant impact on the elastic scattering cross section, potentially leading to a recoil energy spectrum different from that for usual thermal dark matter. The study also considers relevant constraints such as thermal relic abundance, indirect detection, and Higgs decays, and explores the detectability through current and future dark matter direct detection experiments.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gunnar F. Lange, Adrien Bouhon, Bartomeu Monserrat, Robert-Jan Slager
Summary: This article analyzes the band topology of acoustic phonons in 2D materials by considering the interplay between symmetries and additional constraints arising from the physical context. It shows that this interplay can lead to previously unaddressed nontrivial nodal charges in the phononic Brillouin zone. The analysis is applied to graphene and reveals the presence of these nontrivial nodal charges in its phonon spectrum. The findings are important for understanding how the phonon dispersion is affected when graphene is grown on a substrate.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yu-Pan Zeng, Xiang Xiao, Wei Wang
Summary: In this paper, we investigate the interaction between Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter and Standard Model fermions, and explore new constraints on the parameter space introduced by cancellation models.
Article
Optics
Justin H. Wilson, Jonathan B. Curtis, Victor M. Galitski
Summary: This study demonstrates that Goldstone modes in a flowing spinor Bose-Einstein condensate behave similarly to linear dispersive modes coupled to an Einstein-Hilbert metric, exhibiting phenomena from quantum field theory in curved space. The kind of spacetime (Einstein-Hilbert or Newton-Cartan) is linked to the mean-field phase of the condensate, and different energy and momentum currents can be computed and related in these analog systems.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Amelia Drew, E. P. S. Shellard
Summary: In this study, we performed adaptive mesh refinement simulations of global topological strings and quantitatively investigated the dynamics of the strings. By comparing the oscillating string trajectory with a backreaction model, we found excellent agreement. The results suggest that analytic radiation modeling provides the appropriate cosmological limit for global strings.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Ze-Yu Qiu, Zhao-Huan Yu
Summary: In this study, we investigate the stochastic gravitational waves generated by cosmic strings from an ultraviolet-complete model of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yiping Yin, Zhe Wang, Hua Zou
Summary: This study presents a novel method for preparing dimpled polymer-silica nanocomposite particles using interfacial swelling-based seeded polymerization. The optimized conditions allow for a relatively high percentage of dimpled particles to be achieved.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Brenden D. Hoehn, Elizabeth A. Kellstedt, Marc A. Hillmyer
Summary: Porous materials with nanometer-scale pores have important applications as nanoporous membranes. In this study, ABA triblock copolymers were used as precursors to produce nanoporous polymeric membranes (NPMs) in thin film form by degrading the end blocks. Polycyclooctene (PCOE) NPMs with tunable pore sizes were successfully prepared using solvent casting technique. Oxygen plasma etching was employed to improve the surface porosity and hydrophilicity of the membranes. This study provides a straightforward method to produce tough NPMs with high porosity and hydrophilic surface properties.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vladislav S. Petrovskii, Stepan I. Zholudev, Igor I. Potemkin
Summary: This article investigates the behavior of linear and ring polypeptide chains in aqueous solution and explores the properties of the complexes formed by these chains with oppositely charged surfactants. The results demonstrate that the complexes of linear supercharged unfolded polypeptides and the corresponding surfactants exhibit impressive adhesive properties.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Merve Cevik, Serkan Dikici
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally, and vascular grafts are a promising treatment option. This study focuses on tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) using decellularized parsley stems as a potential biomaterial. The decellularized parsley stems showed suitable properties for TEVGs, providing a suitable environment for human endothelial cells to form a pseudo endothelium. This study showcases the potential of using parsley stems for TEVGs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gustavo A. Vasquez-Montoya, Tadej Emersic, Noe Atzin, Antonio Tavera-Vazquez, Ali Mozaffari, Rui Zhang, Orlando Guzman, Alexey Snezhko, Paul F. Nealey, Juan J. de Pablo
Summary: The optical properties of liquid crystals are typically controlled by electric fields. In this study, we investigate the effects of microfluidic flows and acoustic fields on the molecular orientation and optical response of nematic liquid crystals. We identify several previously unknown structures and explain them through calculations and simulations. These findings hold promise for the development of new systems combining sound, flow, and confinement.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xinjun Wu, Xin Guan, Shushu Chen, Jiangpeng Jia, Chongyi Chen, Jiawei Zhang, Chuanzhuang Zhao
Summary: This research presents a novel shape memory hydrogel with a remodelable permanent shape and programmable cold-induced shape recovery behavior. The hydrogel is prepared using specific treatment methods to achieve shape fixation by heating and shape recovery by cooling. Additionally, deformable devices can be obtained by assembling hydrogel blocks with different concentrations.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rebecca Hengsbach, Gerhard Fink, Ulrich Simon
Summary: This study examines the properties of DNA functionalized pNipmam microgels and pure pNipmam microgels at different concentrations of sodium chloride and in PBS solutions using temperature dependent H-1-NMR measurements. The results show that DNA modification affects the volume phase transition temperature and the addition of salt and PBS further enhances this effect.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ningyi Li, Junhong Li, Lijingting Qing, Shicheng Ma, Yao Li, Baohui Li
Summary: This paper investigates the self-assembly behavior of colloids with competing interactions under spherical confinement and finds that different ordered structures can be formed under different sized spherical confinements. Moreover, more perforated structures are formed in smaller spheres.