Review
Clinical Neurology
Mingyang Tang, Qingqing Sun, Yanan Zhang, Huimin Li, Dong Wang, Ying Wang, Zan Wang
Summary: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder with a distinct circadian rhythm, and this review explores the possible causes for the fluctuation of symptoms, including levels of iron, dopamine, melatonin, melanocortin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the brain, as well as conditions such as peripheral hypoxia and microvascular function disorders. Metabolic disturbances of these substances can create a pathological imbalance, which is further exacerbated by physiological fluctuations of circadian rhythms, leading to the worsening of RLS symptoms at night. The review concludes with suggestions for RLS treatment and future research directions.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
John W. Winkelman, Natalie R. Grant, Francine Molay, Christopher D. Stephen, Reza Sadjadi, Florian S. Eichler
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and severity of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). The results showed a high prevalence of RLS in adults with ALD, which may contribute to sleep problems and impair quality of life.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joseph Dowsett, Maria Didriksen, Margit Horup Larsen, Kristoffer Solvsten Burgdorf, Lise Wegner Thorner, Erik Sorensen, Christian Erikstrup, Ole Birger Pedersen, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Henrik Ullum
Summary: The study did not find an association between plasma hepcidin levels and RLS in a cohort of healthy Danish blood donors. Results suggest that plasma hepcidin may not be suitable as a potential diagnostic biomarker for RLS.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Erik Tilch, Barbara Schormair, Chen Zhao, Birgit Hoegl, Ambra Stefani, Klaus Berger, Claudia Trenkwalder, Cornelius G. Bachmann, Magdolna Hornyak, Ingo Fietze, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Annette Peters, Stefan Herms, Markus M. Noethen, Bertram Mueller-Myhsok, Konrad Oexle, Juliane Winkelmann
Summary: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is influenced by genetic factors, and the contribution of rare genetic variation to RLS has not been extensively studied. This study suggests that analyzing rare genetic variants through exome or whole genome sequencing is more effective in identifying risk variants for RLS.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lourdes M. DelRosso, Maria Paola Mogavero, Pablo Brockmann, Oliviero Bruni, Raffaele Ferri
Summary: The study analyzed differences in sleep spindle activity in children with restless sleep disorder (RSD), restless legs syndrome (RLS) and normal controls. Results showed that children with RSD had longer frontal spindle duration, increased density and intensity, potentially explaining excessive movement during sleep and daytime symptoms. This information contributes to understanding the pathophysiology of RSD and its impact on daytime impairment.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Beatrice Heim, Philipp Ellmerer, Ambra Stefani, Melanie Bergmann, Elisabeth Brandauer, Klaus Seppi, Birgit Hoegl, Atbin Djamshidian
Summary: This study identified several factors associated with augmentation in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients, such as longer disease duration, higher severity scores, higher medication doses, and higher levels of alexithymia. These factors may assist clinicians in carefully screening and treating patients to prevent the challenging side effect of augmentation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ioanna Kouri, Mithri R. Junna, Melissa C. Lipford
Summary: This article provides summaries of restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movements of sleep, and periodic limb movement disorder. RLS is a common sleep disorder that affects 5% to 15% of the general population. RLS can occur in childhood and its prevalence increases with age. It can be caused by various factors such as iron deficiency, chronic renal failure, peripheral neuropathy, and certain medications. Treatment options include pharmacologic agents and nonpharmacologic therapies. Periodic limb movements of sleep often accompany RLS but can also occur independently. The clinical significance of these movements is still debated. Periodic limb movement disorder is a distinct sleep disorder that occurs in individuals without RLS and is diagnosed by exclusion.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hamed Amirifard, Melika Jameie, Samaneh Akbarpour, Khosro Sadeghniiat Haghighi, Mahsa Shojaei, Reyhaneh Heidari, Arezu Najafi
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical and sleep features of patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). RLS was found in 19.4% of patients, with higher prevalence among women. Patients with RLS had higher insomnia and depression, and worse polysomnography (PSG) results. In patients with OSA, RLS was associated with a higher limb movement index. Evaluation for comorbidities including insomnia and depression is important for patients with OSA or RLS. Sex-specific characteristics should be considered in sleep clinics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raffaele Ferri, Davide Sparasci, Anna Castelnovo, Silvia Miano, Kosuke Tanioka, Naoko Tachibana, Chiara Carelli, Gianna Carla Riccitelli, Giulio Disanto, Chiara Zecca, Claudio Gobbi, Mauro Manconi
Summary: This study compared leg movement activity during sleep among patients with multiple sclerosis, idiopathic restless legs syndrome, and healthy controls. The results showed that patients with multiple sclerosis had poorer sleep quality and less leg movement activity compared to those with idiopathic restless legs syndrome. These findings may have important implications for the treatment of restless legs syndrome secondary to multiple sclerosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eric J. Earley, Maria Didriksen, Bryan R. Spencer, Joseph E. Kiss, Christian Erikstrup, Ole B. Pedersen, Erik Sorensen, Kristoffer S. Burgdorf, Steven H. Kleinman, Alan E. Mast, Michael P. Busch, Henrik Ullum, Grier P. Page
Summary: The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and histamine H-2-receptor antagonists (H(2)A) has been associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS), independent of blood iron status, suggesting the need to re-evaluate their use in populations at particular risk for RLS.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Davide Sparasci, Raffaele Ferri, Anna Castelnovo, Silvia Miano, Kosuke Tanioka, Naoko Tachibana, Chiara Carelli, Gianna Riccitelli, Giulio Disanto, Chiara Zecca, Claudio Gobbi, Mauro Manconi
Summary: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is highly frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), with a comparable frequency of periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) to the general population. The low percentage of patients with RLS having a high PLMS index, together with the absence of correlation between RLS and clinical and polysomnography parameters, indicates the existence of a distinct symptomatic form of RLS in MS.
Article
Psychiatry
Saad Mohammed AlShareef
Summary: A survey conducted in Saudi Arabian adults revealed that restless legs syndrome (RLS) is common in adults and is often comorbid with moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Due to their potential negative impact, healthcare workers should actively inquire and alleviate the burden caused by RLS and depression in Saudi Arabia.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Aaro V. Salminen, Alessandro Silvani, Richard P. Allen, Stefan Clemens, Diego Garcia-Borreguero, Imad Ghorayeb, Sergi Ferre, Yuqing Li, William Ondo, Daniel L. Picchietti, David Rye, Jerome M. Siegel, John W. Winkelman, Mauro Manconi
Summary: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a chronic sensorimotor disorder with challenging diagnostic translation to animal models. A task force developed a consensus guideline for RLS animal models, recommending activity monitoring and polysomnography as principal tools. Data from these methods are preferred surrogate measures for RLS features such as urge to move and sleep disturbance.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shuyu Sun, Xianchao Zhao, Jiafeng Ren, Jinxiang Cheng, Junying Zhou, Changjun Su
Summary: This study investigated the objective sleep characteristics and risk factors among PD patients with and without RLS. The findings showed that RLS prevalence among PD patients was 28.0%, with PD-RLS patients exhibiting poorer sleep quality and disrupted sleep architecture. Motor symptoms severity in PD was significantly linked to sleep quality in both PD-RLS and PD-NRLS patients, with periodic limb movements during sleep being a key risk factor for sleep quality in PD patients with RLS.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Diego Garcia-Borreguero, Celia Garcia-Malo, Juan Jose Granizo, Sergi Ferre
Summary: The study demonstrated significant therapeutic effects of dipyridamole on both sensory and motor symptoms of restless legs syndrome, as well as on sleep. The findings confirmed the efficacy predicted from preclinical studies and highlighted the key role of adenosine in restless legs syndrome.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Raffaele Ferri, Simon J. G. Lewis, Valerie Cochen De Cock, Naoko Tachibana, Clete A. Kushida, Carlos H. Schenck
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alon Y. Avidan, Clete A. Kushida
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Taeyoung Lee, Younghoon Cho, Kwang Su Cha, Jinhwan Jung, Jungim Cho, Hyunggug Kim, Daewoo Kim, Joonki Hong, Dongheon Lee, Moonsik Keum, Clete A. Kushida, In-Young Yoon, Jeong-Whun Kim
Summary: This study investigated the performance of popular consumer sleep trackers (CSTs) compared to polysomnography for sleep monitoring. It found that certain CSTs showed substantial agreement with polysomnography, indicating their potential application for sleep monitoring, while others were only partially consistent. The study provides insights into the strengths of different CSTs for individuals interested in managing their own sleep.
JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Melissa P. Knauert, Olurotimi Adekolu, Zhichao Xu, Annan Deng, Jen-Hwa Chu, Stephen R. Baldassarri, Clete Kushida, H. Klar Yaggi, Andrey Zinchuk
Summary: The chronotype of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be associated with differences in CPAP adherence. Patients with a morning chronotype exhibit higher CPAP adherence compared to other chronotypes. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this association.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Maryam Ahmadi, Adam J. Krause, Kathleen P. O'Hora, Beatriz Hernandez, Laura Lazzeroni, Jamie M. Zeitzer, Leah F. Friedman, Donn Posner, Clete A. Kushida, Jerome A. Yesavage, Jared Saletin, Andrea Goldstein-Piekarski
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Richard Bogan, Thomas Stern, Bruce Corser, Jennifer Franco, Eric Konofal, George Apostol, Anne Morse, Clete Kushida, Michael Thorpy, Russell Rosenberg
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Richard Bogan, Thomas Stern, Bruce Corser, Jennifer Franco, Eric Konofal, George Apostol, Anne Morse, Russell Rosenberg, Michael Thorpy, Clete Kushida
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Pien Bosschieter Bosschieter, Clete Kushida, Stanley Liu
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Bruce Corser, Thomas Stern, Richard Bogan, Jennifer Franco, George Apostol, Eric Konofal, Anne Morse, Russell Rosenberg, Clete Kushida, Michael Thorpy
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Thomas Stern, Bruce Corser, Richard Bogan, Jennifer Franco, Eric Konofal, George Apostol, Russell Rosenberg, Anne Morse, Michael Thorpy, Clete Kushida
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Haoqi Sun, Andrey Zinchuk, Joseph Locascio, Clete Kushida, Robert Thomas, M. Brandon Westover
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Michael Thorpy, Colin Shapiro, Clete Kushida, Maurice Ohayon, Jordan Dubow, Jennifer Gudeman
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Michael Thorpy, Clete Kushida, Akinyemi Ajayi, Jordan Dubow, Jennifer Gudeman
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Alexander Walker, Stephen Baldassarri, Jen-hwa Chu, Annan Deng, Zhichao Xu, Reagan Blohowiak, Sean Byrne, Clete Kushida, H. Yaggi, Andrey Zinchuk
Article
Pathology
Nhi Dao, Colette Cozean, Oleg Chernyshev, Clete Kushida, Jonathan Greenburg, Jonathan S. Alexander
Summary: In addition to mandibular advancement devices, dental expansion appliances are crucial for increasing intra-oral space and improving airflow in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This paper examines the effectiveness of a non-surgical technique called DNA (Daytime-Nighttime Appliance) for slow maxillary expansion. The results show significant improvement in airway volume, transpalatal width, and apnea-hypopnea indices (AHI) after DNA treatment, with 80% of patients experiencing improvements in AHI scores and some even having their OSA symptoms completely resolved.