Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gianluca Persichetti, Genni Testa, Pasquale Imperatore, Romeo Bernini
Summary: An optical fiber sensor system for distributed optical absorption spectroscopy based on light diffusing optical fiber is proposed and evaluated. The system allows distributed measurements of optical absorption properties of the sample medium between the fibers, with a spatial resolution of about 17 cm over a 4 m measurement range. The system has also been used for distributed chemical sensing, achieving a limit of detection of 710 ppm for water solutions containing copper ions.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xiaoyu Chen, Yuanhongliu Gao, Qi Wang, Fan Zhang, Bin Li, Xin Yan, Xuenan Zhang, Fang Wang, Takenobu Suzuki, Yasutake Ohishi, Tonglei Cheng
Summary: In this article, the temperature sensing characteristics of two fundamental solitons in a glycerin-filled six-hole microstructured optical fiber were investigated through experiment and simulation. The results showed that the first fundamental soliton had a slightly higher temperature sensitivity than the second soliton. This discovery provides a novel solution to the cross-sensitivity issue in dual-parameter sensing and expands the application of nonlinear-based sensors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jixuan Wu, Qian Wang, Binbin Song, Cheng Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes and demonstrates a side-hole MOF integrative twin-microchannels for optofluidic sensing application. The structure allows long interaction path-length between light and analyte samples, achieving high sensitive sensing in the low refractive index range. The microfluidic approach enables the loading of fluid liquids into the MOF's cross-sectional air holes for light-matter interaction study.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Paul S. Westbrook, Tristan Kremp, Benyuan Zhu, Wing Ko, Zhou Shi, Kenneth S. Feder
Summary: We discuss the application and effects of enhanced backscattering fiber in telecom networks, including increased attenuation and multipath interference. Our analysis allows us to determine the sensor reach based on the level of backscattering enhancement, and we measure the penalty for signals near the enhancement bandwidth to show that it does not interfere with telecom signals.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Nunzio Cennamo, Maria Pesavento, Luigi Zeni
Summary: The review examines bio-chemical label-free sensing applications using receptors and multimode plastic optical fibers (POFs), focusing on different types of POF intrinsic sensors and receptors used in transmission mode. It compares the structures and mechanisms of different POF probes, as well as detailing the advantages and disadvantages of various chemical and biological receptors combined with POF probes. The study also discusses future developments in biochemical sensors with multimode POFs, specifically in relation to monitoring specific receptors using intensity variation techniques and plasmonic phenomena.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xiaoyu Chen, Yue Sun, Yuanhongliu Gao, Xin Yan, Xuenan Zhang, Fang Wang, Takenobu Suzuki, Yasutake Ohishi, Tonglei Cheng
Summary: The article presents an investigation of nonlinear temperature sensing using soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) in a self-fabricated microstructured optical fiber (MOF). Both theoretical simulation and experimental research were conducted, showing good correspondence between the two results. The experimental sensitivity was high, with potential applications in various fields.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Luis Costa, Zhongwen Zhan, Alireza Marandi
Summary: By using mode-walk-off interferometry, we have introduced a position-resolved sensing technique that can measure and localize physical changes in optical fibers without relying on round-trip time-of-flight measurements. This method overcomes the fundamental barriers of bidirectional propagation, making it compatible with fiber communication links containing non-reciprocal elements.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chen Zhu, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang
Summary: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a newer class of crystalline nanoporous materials, have gained attention for their exceptional tunability for structures and physicochemical properties, showing successful applications in gas storage, gas separation, and catalysis. MOF sensors rely on the tunability of refractive index, which is dependent on the adsorbed guest molecules in the MOF pores, with recent developments focusing on electronic and luminescent sensors. Challenges and future perspectives in the field of OF-MOF sensors are also discussed for further research.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Optics
Yingzhen Hong, Haihong Bao, Feifan Chen, Wei Jin, Hoi Lut Ho, Shoufei Gao, Yingying Wang
Summary: Low-coherence photothermal interferometry demonstrates ultrasensitive gas detection with remarkable precision, stability, and better immunity to isobaric interference. Using a 10 cm long hollow-core fiber, acetylene detection achieved a noise-equivalent concentration of 0.7 ppb and measurement precision of 0.025%. The detection instability over 3 hours improved by 10 times compared to state-of-the-art photothermal spectroscopy. The measurement precision of the C-13/C-12 isotope ratio of acetylene reached approximately 0.01%. This study highlights the potential of low-coherence photothermal interferometry as a compact and reliable alternative to mass spectrometers.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xiaoyu Chen, Xin Yan, Xuenan Zhang, Fang Wang, Shuguang Li, Takenobu Suzuki, Yasutake Ohishi, Tonglei Cheng
Summary: GeAsSeTe microstructured optical fiber (MOF) shows potential for applications in the mid-infrared range. A CS2-filled GeAsSeTe MOF demonstrates high sensitivity for temperature sensing, making it suitable for developing optical fiber temperature sensors based on FWM in the MIR region.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Dufour, D. Jamon, E. Marin, S. Neveu, F. Arnould, A. Morana, S. Girard, F. Royer
Summary: A functionalized microstructured silica-based optical fiber with significant magneto-optical effects has been developed by adding a sol-gel layer doped with magnetic nanoparticles. The fiber exhibits excellent magneto-optical properties in the C-band telecommunication wavelength range.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qingguo Song, Yuze Dai, Bolin Ye, Xiangpeng Xiao, Chengjun Huang, Chengbo Mou, Qizhen Sun, Lin Zhang, Zhijun Yan
Summary: The proposed silver-coated 45 degrees radiated tilted fiber grating (45 degrees RTFG) based interferometer is compact and suitable for optical fiber sensing. Experimental results show that the interferometer with a polarization extinction ratio of 11 dB has spectral visibility of 26 dB, and exhibits different spectral responses to temperature, strain, and twist.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Guijiang Yang, Hao Wu, Zi Liang, Liang Wang, Changjian Ke, Zhenggang Lian, Qianqing Yu, Zuming Xia, Ming Tang, Deming Liu
Summary: A single-mode Raman gain fiber was designed and fabricated for a Raman distributed temperature sensor with high-precision temperature measurement and low power consumption. The use of fluorine-doped inner cladding was shown to improve acoustic field control and suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering. By utilizing the high Raman gain of the fiber, a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and reduction in temperature uncertainty were achieved, with the sensor consuming only half the power compared to traditional single-mode fiber sensors.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Baptiste Moeglen Paget, Keertana Vinod Ram, Shuyan Zhang, Jayakumar Perumal, Sylvain Vedraine, Georges Humbert, Malini Olivo, U. S. Dinish
Summary: Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have unique light-guiding properties and have been widely studied for biomedical applications. PCF-based fluorescence sensors offer highly sensitive detection of biomolecules at low sample volumes. This review discusses recent advancements in fluorescence detection using different PCF configurations and compares them with conventional fluorescence methods. Prospective applications of PCF-based fluorescence sensing and their potential use as optofluidic biopsy needles for clinically relevant biomarker detection are also discussed.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mikel Azkune, Igor Ayesta, Leire Ruiz-Rubio, Eneko Arrospide, Jose Luis Vilas-Vilela, Joseba Zubia
Summary: This study introduces a novel FERS approach based on HyC-mPOF, which enables high selectivity Raman measurements in a functionalized matrix by incorporating hydrogel only on the core of HC-mPOF. The coherence between the hydrogel components and Raman spectrum was continuously monitored and quantified using Principal Component Analysis, demonstrating the feasibility of the presented HyC-mPOF platform through measurements with high and low affinity target molecules.
Article
Optics
Darcy L. Smith, Linh Nguyen, David J. Ottaway, Thiago D. Cabral, Eric Fujiwara, Cristiano M. B. Cordeiro, Stephen C. Warren-Smith
Summary: In this paper, we demonstrate that deep learning improves the analysis of fiber specklegrams for sensing, and apply it to measurements of air temperature and water immersion length. We compare deep neural networks (DNNs) including a convolutional neural network and a multi-layer perceptron network with a traditional correlation technique using data from a multimode fiber exposed-core fiber. We also show the ability of the DNNs to be trained against random noise sources like specklegram translations.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xuegang Li, Ning Chen, Xue Zhou, Yanan Zhang, Yong Zhao, Linh Viet Nguyen, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Stephen C. Warren-Smith
Summary: A label-free DNA biosensor based on exposed core microstructured optical fiber has been presented and experimentally demonstrated for in-situ real-time DNA detection. The sensor, with high sensitivity, is fabricated by splicing a section of tapered exposed core fiber between two single-mode fibers. The experimental results show that the sensor can be used for specific and label-free sensing of DNA hybridization.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Optics
Qi Yu, Xuegang Li, Xue Zhou, Xinjie Gao, Riqing Lv, Linh Nguyen, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Yong Zhao
Summary: This paper proposes and verifies a highly sensitive temperature compensated fiber optic magnetic field sensor using Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder combination interference (SMZI). The sensor relies on microstructured exposed core fiber filled with ethanol and magnetic fluid. It achieves high magnetic sensitivity and temperature sensitivity, with good repeatability and low detection limits.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fei Li, Xuegang Li, Xue Zhou, Pengqi Gong, Yanan Zhang, Yong Zhao, Linh Viet Nguyen, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Stephen C. Warren-Smith
Summary: A Fabry-Perot interference biosensor based on the Vernier effect is developed for label-free DNA hybridization detection, showing high sensitivity and specificity in refractive index range.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Adam D. Kilpatrick, Kabish Wisal, Linh V. Nguyen
Summary: This study introduces a fiber optic sensor array that can be embedded into a mattress to detect movement on a bed. The results show that the sensor array has high sensitivity to various movements on the bed, including breathing. This technology has potential applications in healthcare settings for monitoring physiological parameters and patient movement.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Jisoo Kim, Bumjoon Jang, Torsten Wieduwilt, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Johannes Burger, Stefan A. Maier, Markus A. Schmidt
Summary: This work demonstrates the potential of the optofluidic light cage concept for on-chip fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence light generated in the core of a nanoprinted dual-ring light cage can be efficiently captured and guided to the waveguide ports. This innovative photonic platform shows promise for integrated on-chip spectroscopic devices in various fields.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xuegang Li, Fei Li, Xue Zhou, Yanan Zhang, Linh Viet Nguyen, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Yong Zhao
Summary: This article introduces a label-free DNA sensor based on the double microcavities Fabry-Perot (FP) interference and Vernier effect. The sensor can simultaneously monitor the temperature to avoid interference with the process of measuring DNA. The proposed sensor has good specificity, high sensitivity, dual-parameter detection, real-time response, and simple fabrication. It is proven by experiments that the temperature sensitivity and refractive index (RI) sensitivity of the sensor are -2.79 nm/°C and -7122.63 nm/RIU, respectively. This is of great significance to solve the problem of the temperature sensitivity of biosensors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xuegang Li, Pengqi Gong, Xue Zhou, Shankun Wang, Yingxuan Liu, Yanan Zhang, Linh V. Nguyen, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Yong Zhao
Summary: This paper demonstrates an advanced multi-parameter optical fiber sensing technology for EGFR gene detection based on DNA hybridization technology. The proposed multi-parameter detection technology can simultaneously detect complementary DNA, temperature, and pH based on a single optical fiber probe, overcoming the limitations of traditional DNA hybridization detection methods. The designed sensor has a sensitivity of 0.07 nm nM-1 for exon-20 concentration and a detection limit of 3.27 nM, providing a fast response, high sensitivity, and low detection limit that is important for DNA hybridization research and addressing the issues of biosensor susceptibility to temperature and pH.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xue Zhou, Shankun Wang, Xuegang Li, Yong Zhao, Yanan Zhang, Linh Viet Nguyen, Stephen C. Warren-Smith
Summary: This paper proposes a novel optical fiber sensor using exposed-core fiber (ECF) to excite whispering gallery modes (WGMs) within a high refractive index barium titanate glass microsphere for achieving label-free real-time specific DNA detection. The microsphere is encapsulated into the exposed channel of the ECF, allowing for physical stability while excited WGMs via the evanescent field. The sensor shows promising results in aqueous environment with high Q-factor levels and potential applications in disease diagnostics, chemical analysis, and environmental protection.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jillian E. Moffatt, Thomas J. de Prinse, Georgios Tsiminis, Elizaveta Klantsataya, Thomas B. Payten, Lewis d. S. Teixeira, Barnaby W. Smith, David J. Ottaway, Nigel A. Spooner
Summary: Previous research has demonstrated that defect structures based on fluorine in calcium fluoride can emit visible-spectrum fluorescence when excited by UV light. This study reveals the behavior of a new fluorescence center emitting near infrared light (1100-1200 nm) when excited by visible light. This emission is most noticeable in natural fluorite samples with structural defects caused by long-term exposure to environmental radiation, but it can also be induced in a synthetic calcium fluoride sample using intense UV light. Excitation of the near-infrared emission is maximized near the previously reported F-centre aggregate absorption peak. The fluorescence measurement could be utilized to monitor defects in optical grade fluorite caused by high power lasers and have applications in fluorite mineral detection during mining operations. The potential resetting of these optical defects is also discussed.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shaghayegh Baghapour, Jasmine Nehema, Wen Qi Zhang, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Shane M. Hickey, Sally E. Plush, Shahraam Afshar Vahid
Summary: Dysregulated production of hydrogen sulphide in the human body has been associated with various diseases including cancer, underlining the importance of accurate detection of this molecule. In this study, researchers developed a method to detect hydrogen sulphide using fluorescence-emission enhancement and optical fibres. The results showed a fast response time and pH insensitivity of the fluorophore coated on the optical fibre, suggesting the potential for developing a sensing system for hydrogen sulphide detection.
Review
Polymer Science
Esmat Ebadati, Eliza Switalska, Enzo Lombi, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Drew Evans
Summary: Soil nutrients are essential for plant growth, but their availability can be influenced by soil pH. This review focuses on the development of polymer materials for in-ground pH sensing and discusses the importance of pH in nutrient availability and toxicity control.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xuegang Li, He Zhang, Yanan Zhang, Yong Zhao, Linh Viet Nguyen, Xue Zhou, Stephen C. Warren-Smith
Summary: A label-free isothermal DNA amplification method based on refractive index quantification is proposed and demonstrated for the first time in this paper by combining optical fiber sensing, microfluidics, and isothermal amplification. The experimental results show that this method can achieve real-time label-free monitoring of DNA amplification.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qi Yu, Xue-Gang Li, Xue Zhou, Ning Chen, Shankun Wang, Fei Li, Ri-Qing Lv, Linh Nguyen, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Yong Zhao
Summary: A temperature compensated magnetic field sensor using exposed core fiber filled with magnetic fluid is proposed to detect magnetic field strength and temperature simultaneously. The sensor shows good response to MFT and is suitable for industrial flaw detection, aerospace, and medical applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mohammad Istiaque Reja, Linh Nguyen, Lu Peng, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Stephen C. Warren-Smith
Summary: This study presents a high-temperature interferometric pressure sensor using a pure silica four-hole microstructured optical fiber. The asymmetric geometry of the fiber converts hydrostatic pressure into an interferometric shift. The sensor operates at high temperatures, and temperature compensation is achieved using a Fourier approach. Experimental results show that the sensor has a linear response, excellent stability, and a high detection limit.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
