Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Long Chen, Jie Li, Yuan Shi
Summary: This multicenter prospective cross-sectional study in China aimed to investigate the etiological factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of perinatal neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS). The incidence of NARDS was 1.44%, with pneumonia, asphyxia, and early-onset sepsis as the main triggers. The use of multiple doses of surfactant was associated with increased mortality.
Article
Pediatrics
Henrik Verder, Christian Heiring, Rangasamy Ramanathan, Nikolaos Scoutaris, Povl Verder, Torben E. Jessen, Agnar Hoskuldsson, Lars Bender, Marianne Dahl, Christian Eschen, Jesper Fenger-Gron, Jes Reinholdt, Heidi Smedegaard, Peter Schousboe
Summary: By combining clinical data with spectral data analysis of gastric aspirates, a new algorithm has been developed for early diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, achieving high sensitivity and specificity in predicting the development of BPD at birth.
Review
Pediatrics
Kosmas Sarafidis, William Chotas, Eleni Agakidou, Paraskevi Karagianni, Vasiliki Drossou
Summary: This review examines the evolution of neonatal respiratory care, highlighting scientific advances and weaknesses in current knowledge. The role of non-invasive ventilation, less-invasive surfactant administration methods, and pharmacological therapies are discussed, along with an analysis of the cost-benefit of neonatal care-respiratory support and future challenges.
Review
Respiratory System
Vikramaditya Dumpa, Indirapriya Avulakunta, Vineet Bhandari
Summary: Advances in neonatal care have led to increased survival rates of extremely preterm infants. Although mechanical ventilation is potentially harmful, it is still widely used. However, there is growing emphasis on less invasive approaches such as surfactant therapy and non-invasive ventilation to improve outcomes.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giovanni Boscarino, Maria Giulia Conti, Francesca De Luca, Maria Di Chiara, Giorgia Deli, Marco Bianchi, Paola Favata, Viviana Cardilli, Giovanni Di Nardo, Pasquale Parisi, Gianluca Terrin
Summary: The study found that newborns with HiTG related to ILEs had an increased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and a longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation compared to controls. Multivariate analysis confirmed that HiTG independently influenced the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, even in subgroups with lower gestational age or birth weight.
Article
Pediatrics
Steven M. Conlon, Allison Osborne, Julie Bodie, Jaime Marasch, Rita M. Ryan, Tara Glenn
Summary: The study aimed to increase the percentage of surfactant delivered via LISA, with successful implementation of the technique in NICU after planning and training. Results showed that LISA was successfully carried out for eligible patients and only a small number of patients were unable to undergo the procedure.
Article
Pediatrics
Soutrik Seth, Bijan Saha, Anindya Kumar Saha, Suchandra Mukherjee, Avijit Hazra
Summary: The study found no significant difference in extubation failure rates between nHFOV and NIPPV in premature infants between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation. However, nHFOV showed potential benefits in improving feed tolerance rates and pCO2 elimination. Further larger multicentre studies are needed to explore the benefits of nHFOV.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Carmen Rey-Santano, Victoria Mielgo, Elena Gastiasoro, Federico Bianco, Fabrizio Salomone, Miguel Angel Gomez-Solaetxe
Summary: In this study, the tolerability and efficacy of nebulized poractant alfa using the eFlow-Neos nebulizer during NIPPV for the treatment of neonatal RDS were tested in spontaneously-breathing newborn piglets with bronchoalveolar lavage-induced RDS. The results showed that both the nebulized and bolus poractant alfa treatment groups exhibited rapid improvement in pulmonary status, hemodynamic and cerebral behavior, and lung and brain injury scores.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Laura Moschino, Daniel Nardo, Luca Bonadies, Matteo Stocchero, Giulia Res, Elena Priante, Sabrina Salvadori, Eugenio Baraldi
Summary: Comparing IT surfactant/budesonide (SB) with surfactant alone (S) in extremely preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates with severe RDS did not show significant difference in reducing the rate of BPD or death at 36 weeks PMA. However, the combined treatment did result in lower incidence of hypotension requiring inotropic support and fewer admissions to pediatric ward due to respiratory causes.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Piotr Szymanski, Piotr Kruczek, Roman Hozejowski, Piotr Wais
Summary: The study found that post-birth lung ultrasound scoring can predict the need for respiratory support on day 3, and scores of posterior pulmonary fields play a significant role in the overall LUS score.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Makoto Nomiyama, Takuya Nakagawa, Fumio Yamasaki, Nami Hisamoto, Natsumi Yamashita, Ayane Harai, Kanako Gondo, Masazumi Ikeda, Satoko Tsuda, Masato Ishimatsu, Yuko Oshima, Takeshi Ono, Yutaka Kozuma, Keisuke Tsumura
Summary: This study classified fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) based on placental inflammation and investigated its association with neonatal morbidities. Among 330 women, FIRS without maternal-fetal inflammatory response (MIR/FIR) was not rare and was associated with increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, adverse neonatal outcomes, and extremely low gestational age.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bianca M. . Vamesu, Teodora Nicola, Rui Li, Snehashis Hazra, Sadis Matalon, Naftali Kaminski, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Jegen Kandasamy
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction at birth is associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low-birth weight (ELBW) infants. Nebulized thyroid hormone (TH) has shown potential to improve mitochondrial function and reduce pulmonary fibrosis in adult animals. This study investigated the effects of intranasal T3 on neonatal lung injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in newborn mice, as well as its impact on lung fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells from ELBW infants. The results demonstrated that inhaled T3 attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung injury and improved mitochondrial function in mice, suggesting that TH supplementation might be a valuable therapeutic strategy for BPD.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sophie G. Groene, Jip A. Spekman, Arjan B. Te Pas, Bastiaan T. Heijmans, Monique C. Haak, Jeanine M. M. van Klink, Arno A. W. Roest, Enrico Lopriore
Summary: This retrospective study compared respiratory morbidity between smaller and larger twins in monochorionic twins with selective fetal growth restriction. Results showed that despite genetic similarities, smaller twins had a lower rate of respiratory distress syndrome but a higher rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared to larger twins.
Article
Immunology
Magdalena Szydlowicz, Barbara Krolak-Olejnik, Sergio L. Vargas, Zaneta Zajaczkowska, Dorota Paluszynska, Anna Szczygiel, Olga Matos, Andrzej B. Hendrich, Marta Kicia
Summary: The study revealed the prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in mother-infant pairs of very low birth weight newborns, with Pneumocystis DNA detected in both newborns and mothers. The finding of Pneumocystis detection immediately after birth suggests the possibility of its transplacental transmission, and colonized infants were more likely to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia, indicating a potential clinical importance of this pathogen in abnormal lung development.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Peter Reynolds, Porus Bustani, Colm Darby, Jose Ramon Fernandez Alvarez, Grenville Fox, Steve Jones, Sara Jane Robertson, Vimal Vasu, Charles Christoph Roehr
Summary: Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is a method for RDS treatment that can be successfully implemented by training multidisciplinary teams and following guidelines. The procedure should be completed within 30 minutes of deciding to administer surfactant, with consideration for infant comfort and the need to maintain non-invasive respiratory support.