Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 264-272Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.006
Keywords
Innate immune system; Innate immunity; Transplantation; Rejection; Allorecognition; Monocyte
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Funding
- NIH [AI064343]
- University of Pittsburgh
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
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The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recognition by the innate immune system have been elucidated for a large number of pathogens. How the innate immune system recognizes non-microbial non-self, such as organ transplants, is less clear. In this review, we approach this question by describing the principal mechanisms of non-self, or 'damaged' self, recognition by the innate immune system (pattern recognition receptors, the missing self theory, and the danger hypothesis) and discussing whether and how these mechanisms apply to allograft rejection. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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