Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 130-138Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.012
Keywords
T regulatory cells; IBD; Environment; Vitamin A; Cytokines; Microbiota
Categories
Funding
- CIHR
- IBD [IIN84037]
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic, idiopathic inflammation of the intestine. The disease is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors which ultimately leads to a mucosal immune system that overreacts to normal constituents of the mucosal microbiota. The inflammation in IBD is primarily mediated by inappropriate production of proinflammatory cytokines by CD4(+) T effector cells, effects that are suppressed by CD4(+). T regulatory cells. Defects in both the function of T regulatory cells, and the ability of T effector cells to be suppressed, have been implicated in IBD. In this review we will discuss environmental factors, including cytokines, vitamins A and D. and commensal bacteria, which influence the phenotype and function of regulatory T cells and thereby alter the course of IBD. We will also discuss how these environmental signals can be manipulated therapeutically in order to improve the function of regulatory T cells and ultimately restore mucosal homeostasis in patients with IBD. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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