Antibody and immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Immunomodulatory agents, including cytokines, CpG oligonucleotides, and anti-idiotype vaccines have properties that suggest they have the ability to augment rituximab in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although several clinical trials have shown promising results, no randomized trials of reasonable size have been reported to date, limiting the ability to discern whether combinations of immunomodulatory agents with rituximab impact clinical outcome. Until such trials are mature, we do not recommend using these agents in combination outside of the research setting.