Journal
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 4, Pages 464-471Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.11.005
Keywords
Left-right asymmetry; Evolution; Nodal; Cilia; Superficial mesoderm
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Landesgraduiertenstiftung Baden-Wurttemberg
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The asymmetric Nodal signaling cascade as a prerequisite for asymmetric body plan specification is conserved among deuterostomes. In this review we argue that symmetry breakage by cilia-driven leftward flow presents an ancestral character of vertebrates, likely the chordate phylum and maybe all deuterostomes. In vertebrates, leftward flow occurs in a transient structure, a monociliated epithelium, which is derived from superficial mesoderm and localizes to the archenteron roof during gastrulation. The chick as an example for the highly derived birds lacks superficial mesoderm and flow. This loss should be secondary, as flow is present from fish and amphibians to mammals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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