Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan O. Schencka, Eunjung Kim, Rafael R. Bravo, Jeffrey West, Simon Leedham, Darryl Shibata, Alexander R. A. Anderson
Summary: Recent studies have found that normal human tissues accumulate somatic mutations, especially in human skin, which contains multiple subclones of different sizes. Driver mutations are frequent and have larger subclone sizes, suggesting selection. Using a simple agent-based skin-cell model, researchers have shown that these complex somatic mutations can be explained by the model's prime directive of homeostasis. The model replicates the observed log-linear distributions of somatic mutations, where most mutations are found in increasingly smaller subclones that are typically lost over time. The model also suggests that the accumulation of more frequent and larger driver subclones can occur if these mutations confer higher persistence in normal skin or during tissue damage.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Brian Mintz, Feng Fu
Summary: This study explores the evolution of mutation rates in different models and finds that it can be more complicated than previously expected. By using adaptive dynamics and the replicator-mutator equation, the study demonstrates the possibility of reverse evolution of mutation rates even in relatively simple models.
Editorial Material
Biology
James E. Trosko
Summary: The definition of cancer stem cells includes specific cells within a tumor that sustain its growth, while the controversy of their origin lies between the stem cell hypothesis and de-differentiation theory. Understanding cancer stem cells requires considering traditional experimental observations and techniques, clarifying ambiguous terms, and integrating historical factors. Speculation suggests two distinct types of cancer stem cells, each with unique characteristics and origins.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rayko Evstatiev, Adam Cervenka, Tina Austerlitz, Gunther Deim, Maximilian Baumgartner, Andrea Beer, Anita Krnjic, Christina Gmainer, Michaela Lang, Adrian Frick, Helga Schachner, Vineeta Khare, Christoph Gasche
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors, with increasing incidence. EDTA, a commonly used chelator, has been shown to exacerbate inflammation and even induce colorectal carcinogenesis in the presence of intestinal inflammation. This suggests a need to consider the use of intestinal inflammatory models in safety testing procedures for food additives.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Euan N. Furness, Russell J. Garwood, Philip D. Mannion, Mark D. Sutton
Summary: The relationship between environmental stability and species richness is complex and varies depending on the scale and permanence of environmental heterogeneity. Localized environmental instability can either increase or decrease biodiversity, while broad-scale environmental instability consistently reduces biodiversity. Reconciling these contrasting hypotheses is crucial for understanding the impact of environmental conditions on biodiversity distribution.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Jung-Chao Ban, Jyy- Hong, Cheng-Yu Tsai, Yu-Liang Wu
Summary: When a symbol or a type is frozen, its spread pattern changes and affects the long-term behavior of the system. This paper aims to characterize the key matrices and analyze spread rates in both topological and random spread models with frozen symbols. The proposed algorithm computes the spread rate and relates it to the eigenvectors of the xi-matrix or offspring mean matrix. Additionally, the study reveals exponential population growth and asymptotically periodic population composition. Numerical experiments provide supporting evidence for the theory.
Review
Biology
M. Kuznetsov, J. Clairambault, V. Volpert
Summary: Despite advancements in oncological research, cancer remains a leading cause of death globally. Optimizing cancer treatment through mathematical modeling, which can address complexity and suggest potentially effective protocols, is an important goal in oncology.
PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Futoshi Okada, Runa Izutsu, Keisuke Goto, Mitsuhiko Osaki
Summary: Chronic inflammation is a key factor in carcinogenesis, as shown by animal models, and therapeutic apheresis of inflammatory cells is proposed as a method to eliminate the fundamental cause of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohammed N. Alenezi, Fawaz S. Al-Anzi, Haneen Alabdulrazzaq, Ammar Alhusaini, Abdullah F. Al-Anzi
Summary: This study compares the SIR and SEIR models in predicting the spread of COVID-19 in Kuwait, with the SEIR model being selected for its better performance in predicting infection, recovery, and cumulative cases.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mei Wang, Linhua Lan, Fan Yang, Shan Jiang, Haojun Xu, Chengfei Zhang, Guoren Zhou, Hongping Xia, Jinglin Xia
Summary: SIRT6 plays a tumor suppressor role in liver cancer development, as its deficiency in the liver promotes liver injury and cancer, while overexpression of SIRT6 inhibits tumor growth.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Takashi Kawasaki, Yuki Shimizu
Summary: Small fishes, such as zebrafish and medaka, are important models in cancer research due to their advantageous physical characteristics. Technological advances in carcinogenesis model production include chemical carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and gene transfer technology, allowing for more specific and efficient gene disruption. These advances have the potential to create better cancer models that mimic human pathology.
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Benito Chen-Charpentier
Summary: This article introduces two models of plant virus transmission and incorporates delays. By analyzing and studying with numerical methods, it concludes that the first way of introducing delays is more justified.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo Igor Ribeiro Franco, Jose Rodrigues do Carmo Neto, Analia Cirqueira Milhomem, Juliana Reis Machado, Marina Pacheco Miguel
Summary: Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in females. Conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy are invasive and toxic. Melatonin has shown promise in treating breast cancer by inhibiting tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This review synthesizes knowledge about the antitumor effect of melatonin on breast cancer in experimental models and explores the mechanisms of action.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Frank Augustine
Summary: A key concern is the health effects of low levels of radiation and the assumption that every increment of radiation increases the risk of cancer. However, numerous studies have shown that this linear no-threshold model (LNT) is incompatible with data for low-dose rates. The author proposes a mathematical model that reduces the estimated cancer risks for low-dose rates while recognizing the linear relationship at high-dose rates.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fei Wang, Qingyang Zhang, Yu Wang, Junzi Chen, Yi Wang
Summary: This review provides an updated summary on drug-resistant status epilepticus (SE), outlining the limitations of current drug treatments and discussing common animal models of refractory SE. It also briefly reviews accepted hypotheses about drug resistance in SE and suggests future perspectives for follow-up research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)