Microstructural evolution during plastic deformation of twinning-induced plasticity steels

The microstructural evolution characteristics, especially mechanical twinning during plastic deformation in twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, are briefly reviewed based on available results in the literature. The mechanical twinning behavior is presented and discussed in terms of various factors, such as the stacking fault energy, chemical composition, deformation conditions, the size and orientation of austenite grains, and precipitation, all of which cause some variation of the strain hardening of TWIP steels. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.