Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Daniel Phillips, Hayleigh Mathers, Sharon E. Mitchell, John R. Speakman
Summary: The pattern of cellular changes in response to calorie restriction (CR) is tissue-specific, with white adipose tissue (WAT) primarily reducing cell size and brown adipose tissue (BAT) reducing both cell number and size. Lung tissue remains unchanged, while the alimentary-tract tissues show an increase in cell number. These findings suggest that the effects of CR on cellular composition vary across different tissues.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Libia Alejandra Garcia-Flores, Cara L. Green, Sharon E. Mitchell, Daniel E. L. Promislow, David Lusseau, Alex Douglas, John R. Speakman
Summary: Caloric restriction affects the metabolome in a tissue-specific manner, with only a small number of common metabolic features responding in the same way across all tissues. The top modulated pathways were related to biosynthesis and degradation processes, suggesting each tissue has its own unique way of coping with reduced energy intake, supporting the clean cupboards hypothesis over the disposable soma interpretation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chia-Chun Tang, Tai-Chung Huang, Feng-Ming Tien, Jing-Meei Lin, Yi-Chen Yeh, Ching-Yi Lee
Summary: Short-term calorie reduction (SCR) has shown potential benefits in certain cancer patients, but further research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy. This pilot cohort study suggests that SCR, when conducted alongside chemotherapy, is safe and feasible.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kenji Saito, Maiko Ito, Takuya Chiba, Huijuan Jia, Hisanori Kato
Summary: Studies have shown the beneficial effects of calorie restriction on rodents' aging, but the molecular mechanism behind these effects is not fully understood. Transcriptomic analysis of multiple organs revealed altered gene expressions related to calorie restriction, including nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and heat shock protein 90, which are potential therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases. The data provide insights into the early response markers and key mediators of calorie restriction-induced aging delay in mammals.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yudai Nonaka, Reo Takeda, Yutaka Kano, Daisuke Hoshino
Summary: Reducing calorie intake (CR) was found to maintain blood insulin levels and improve glucose tolerance in late-stage diabetes, with decreased levels of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in the liver.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhi Xin Yau-Qiu, Francisco Madrid-Gambin, Lorraine Brennan, Andreu Palou, Ana Maria Rodriguez
Summary: The study revealed that physiological leptin supplementation during lactation can partially alleviate the metabolic response abnormality in the offspring caused by maternal calorie restriction during pregnancy. This suggests that leptin supplementation may help prevent or reverse metabolic disturbances caused by gestational metabolic programming.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Seungmin Song, Jinyoung Shon, Woo-ri Yang, Han-Bit Kang, Keun-Ha Kim, Ju-Yeon Park, Sanghoo Lee, Sae Yun Baik, Kyoung-Ryul Lee, Yoon Jung Park
Summary: The gut microbiome is affected by weight-loss meal replacement programs, with a protein-enriched diet increasing microbial diversity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. This study highlights the importance of macronutrient distribution in weight-loss interventions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Somayyeh Asghari, Mahsa Rezaei, Maryam Rafraf, Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Maryam Ebadi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a calorie-restricted diet on oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the potential mediating role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21). The results showed that the calorie-restricted diet had favorable effects on NAFLD but did not modify oxidative/anti-oxidative status in these patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davood Zarini, Parichehr Pasbakhsh, Saeid Nekoonam, Sina Mojaverrostami, Soudabeh Ghasemi, Maryam Shabani, Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
Summary: The study suggests that caloric restriction can alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis by improving inflammatory responses in the nervous system.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Amy A. Kirkham, Karen King, Anil A. Joy, Andre B. Pelletier, John R. Mackey, Kelvin Young, Xiaofu Zhu, Judith Meza-Junco, Sanraj K. Basi, Julie Price Hiller, Tina Brkin, Bonnie Michalowski, Edith Pituskin, D. Ian Paterson, Kerry S. Courneya, Richard B. Thompson, Carla M. Prado
Summary: The DREAM study will test a novel, short-term diet and exercise intervention that is targeted to mechanisms of tumor resistance to chemotherapy. A reduction in lesion size is likely to translate to improved cancer outcomes including disease progression and overall survival. Furthermore, a lifestyle intervention may empower patients with metastatic breast cancer by actively engaging them to play a key role in their treatment.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shaohong Zhang, Shuoshuo Sun, Xiao Wei, Mengxiao Zhang, Yu Chen, Xiaodong Mao, Guofang Chen, Chao Liu
Summary: This study explores the anti-obesity effects of short-term moderate calorie restriction (CR) by improving energy metabolism via the SIRT1/AMPK pathway in white adipocytes and liver. The results show that CR decreases obesity, increases thermogenesis, and inhibits inflammation in a mouse model of obesity.
FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Agata Wronska, Adrian Zubrzycki, Zbigniew Kmiec
Summary: Short-term calorie restriction may improve health, but Sestrins have minimal effect on hepatic expression in young and old rats.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Aleksandra Lawniczak, Agata Wronska, Piotr Wierzbicki, Zbigniew Kmiec
Summary: Aging affects energy metabolism differently in cardiac and skeletal muscles. In the young rats, short-term calorie restriction increases gene expression related to energy metabolism, while in the old rats, there is minimal effect. The expression of certain genes involved in energy metabolism is lower in the skeletal muscles of old rats compared to young rats.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Agnes Hazi, Esmaeil Ebrahimie, Elizabeth A. Levay, Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh, Matt Zelko, Antonina Govic, Helen Nasser
Summary: Calorie restriction is an effective intervention for anxiety, aging, and obesity. Short- and long-term calorie restriction both reduce anxiety-like behavior, but regulate different sets of genes, resulting in distinct transcriptomic signatures.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Corby K. Martin, Christoph Hoechsmann, James L. Dorling, Manjushri Bhapkar, Carl F. Pieper, Susan B. Racette, Sai Krupa Das, Leanne M. Redman, William E. Kraus, Eric Ravussin
Summary: This study examines the relationship between the level of adherence to a 25% calorie restriction diet and the actual level achieved, highlighting the challenges of setting a single goal and the importance of obtaining real-time valid measures of dietary adherence.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Juliano Morimoto, Marius Wenzel, Davina Derous, Youn Henry, Herve Colinet
Summary: Intraspecific competition at the larval stage has significant effects on the life history, adaptation, and evolutionary trajectory of holometabolous insects. This study demonstrates that larval crowding has consistent effects on multiple molecular pathways, with only a few pathways displaying density-specific regulation.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emily E. Bray, David A. Raichlen, Kiersten K. Forsyth, Daniel E. L. Promislow, Gene E. Alexander, Evan L. MacLean
Summary: This study explores the association between physical activity and cognitive health in companion dogs. The research findings indicate that higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower severity of cognitive dysfunction symptoms, less symptom worsening, and lower prevalence of canine cognitive dysfunction. This highlights the value of companion dogs as a model for studying the relationship between physical activity and cognitive aging.
Article
Physiology
Elzbieta Krol, Frances Turner, Davina Derous, Sharon E. Mitchell, Samuel A. M. Martin, Alex Douglas, John R. Speakman
Summary: Peak lactation is limited by the capacity of lactating females to dissipate body heat, and manipulations that enhance heat dissipation, such as shaving, can increase peak milk production. Shaving-induced increases in milk production were paradoxically linked to reduced expression of some milk synthesis-related genes. Shaved mice were also more likely to wean their young faster and experience earlier involution of the mammary gland compared to unshaved mice.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine A. Kentistou, Jian'an Luan, Laura B. L. Wittemans, Catherine Hambly, Lucija Klaric, Zoltan Kutalik, John R. Speakman, Nicholas J. Wareham, Timothy J. Kendall, Claudia Langenberg, James F. Wilson, Peter K. Joshi, Nicholas M. Morton
Summary: Our understanding of the genetic contribution to human adiposity is incomplete, as few studies measure adiposity directly. In this study, the authors used whole-body imaging adiposity phenotypes in large biobanks to enhance their ability to discover genes driving human adiposity, and investigated one such gene using a mouse model.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Ceres Barros, Yong Luo, Alex M. Chubaty, Ian M. S. Eddy, Tatiane Micheletti, Celine Boisvenue, David W. Andison, Steven G. Cumming, Eliot J. B. McIntire
Summary: Modelling is widely used in ecology to effectively manage ecosystems and meet conservation goals. As the urgency to forecast ecosystem responses to global change grows, the number and complexity of ecological models also increase, demanding validation and cross-model comparisons. We propose a practical solution based on the PERFICT principles, using a modular and integrated framework to provide reusable, interoperable and transparent predictive ecological models.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anja Biltoft-Jensen, Karin Hess Ygil, Lenette Knudsen, Jeppe Matthiessen, Sisse Fagt, Ellen Trolle, Trine Holmgaard Nielsen, Diane McIntosh Hansen, Cecilie Loe Licht, Maurice Martens, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Tue Christensen
Summary: The European Food Safety Authority recommends the use of the 2 x 24 h diet recall and physical activity measurements for national dietary surveys. Denmark has been using 7 d food diaries with PA questionnaires and measurements. The study shows that the 2 x 24 h diet recall performs better than the 7 d food diaries method.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Frances E. C. Stewart, Tatiane Micheletti, Steven G. Cumming, Ceres Barros, Alex M. Chubaty, Amanda L. Dookie, Isabelle Duclos, Ian Eddy, Samuel Hache, James Hodson, Josie Hughes, Cheryl A. Johnson, Mathieu Leblond, Fiona K. A. Schmiegelow, Junior A. Tremblay, Eliot J. B. McIntire
Summary: Research on woodland caribou in the boreal populations has mainly focused on areas with high human disturbances. However, a significant portion of their habitat overlaps with relatively unaffected areas affected by natural disturbances like wildfires. Climate change is a major concern for their conservation, but current management decisions haven't integrated knowledge from different ecological domains to create a comprehensive forecast of habitat and population demographics. This study used an ecological forecasting framework to project habitat and population changes for boreal caribou in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The results highlight changes in habitat suitability and emphasize the importance of protecting and restoring their habitat despite climate uncertainty.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lu Wang, Davina Derous, Xiahe Huang, Sharon E. Mitchell, Alex Douglas, David Lusseau, Yingchun Wang, John R. Speakman
Summary: Calorie restriction extends life span by modulating aging-related mechanisms. Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and fatty acid degradation are significantly stimulated, while main signaling pathways and pathways in cancer are not significantly affected. Moreover, the metabolism of xenobiotics is altered by calorie restriction.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John R. Speakman, Jasper M. A. de Jong, Srishti Sinha, Klaas R. Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Pascal Bovet, Soren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. J. A. Camps, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S. W. Davies, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Santu Ghosh, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Hinke H. Haisma, Daniel Hoffman, Sumei Hu, Annemiek M. Joosen, Jennifer L. Kaplan, Peter Katzmarzyk, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, William R. Leonard, Marie Loef, Corby K. Martin, Eric Matsiko, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietilaeinen, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Susan B. Roberts, Michael C. Rudolph, Luis B. Sardinha, Albertine J. Schuit, Analiza M. Silva, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Brian M. Wood, Jack A. Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Anura Kurpad, Amy H. Luke, Herman Pontzer, Matthew S. Rodeheffer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A. Schoeller, William W. Wong
Summary: Obesity is caused by prolonged positive energy balance, and the contribution of reduced activity levels to energy expenditure is still debated. Our study shows that total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age has declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure has increased over time in both sexes. The decline in adjusted basal energy expenditure (BEE) is identified as a previously unrecognized factor. These findings suggest that the increasing obesity in the United States/Europe is not likely fueled by reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Tatiane Micheletti, Samuel Hache, Diana Stralberg, Frances E. C. Stewart, Alex M. M. Chubaty, Ceres Barros, Erin M. M. Bayne, Steven G. G. Cumming, Teegan D. S. Docherty, Amanda Dookie, Isabelle Duclos, Ian M. S. Eddy, Zuzu Gadallah, Claudia A. A. Haas, James Hodson, Mathieu Leblond, C. Lisa Mahon, Fiona Schmiegelow, Junior A. Tremblay, Steven L. L. Van Wilgenburg, Alana R. R. Westwood, Eliot J. B. McIntire
Summary: Conservation approaches, like the umbrella species concept, have been widely promoted, but the efficiency of boreal woodland caribou as an umbrella for landbirds is generally lower than expected. The proposed umbrella index focuses on fine-grained habitat overlaps and suggests that complementary conservation actions may be needed for co-occurring landbird species. The study concludes that woodland caribou may be a leaky umbrella and other measures are necessary for protecting these species from decline.
CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Tanya Strydom, Salome Bouskila, Francis Banville, Ceres Barros, Dominique Caron, Maxwell J. Farrell, Marie-Josee Fortin, Benjamin Mercier, Laura J. Pollock, Rogini Runghen, Giulio V. Dalla Riva, Timothee Poisot
Summary: Metawebs are important abstractions for understanding large-scale species interaction networks, but assembling them is a time-consuming and costly process. Predicting metawebs can be improved by using graph embeddings, an emerging field in machine learning with great potential for ecological problems. The choice of species pool influences the reconstructed network, particularly the role of human-made boundaries in shaping ecological hypotheses.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gracielle Higino, Ceres Barros, Ellen Bledsoe, Dominique G. Roche, Sandra Ann Binning, Timothee Poisot
Summary: Academia often overlooks the crucial work of postdoctoral researchers in mentoring and teaching, which are essential for its functioning. Early-career researchers are particularly affected, but there are opportunities to improve the current situation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanchao Xu, Dengbao Yang, Lu Wang, Elzbieta Krol, Mohsen Mazidi, Li Li, Yi Huang, Chaoqun Niu, Xue Liu, Sin Man Lam, Guanghou Shui, Alex Douglas, John R. Speakman
Summary: Early life nutrition can reprogram development and have long-term consequences on body weight regulation. Maternal high-fat diet during lactation predisposes male offspring to diet-induced obesity in adulthood. This study examines the molecular and cellular changes in the hypothalamus at important time points in early postnatal life, revealing sex-differential hypothalamic reprogramming. The findings highlight the mechanisms by which early life overnutrition contributes to sex-dependent susceptibility to obesity in mice.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Deng Bao Yang, Lin Gao, Xin Yu Liu, Yan Chao Xu, C. Hambly, De Hua Wang, John R. Speakman
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of diet and obesity on glucose homeostasis. Laboratory voles exposed to long photoperiod were resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity but exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. This model provides insights into the relationship between diet, obesity, and metabolic health.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
