Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ronald E. Jackson, Wei Lang, Renee J. Rogers, Erik B. Schelbert, Sara J. Kovacs, Seth A. Creasy, John M. Jakicic
Summary: This study examined the prevalence of >= 150 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and its associations with measures of obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults with overweight or obesity. The findings suggest that some adults with overweight or obesity may be more active than they perceive themselves to be, and accumulating >= 150 min/wk of MVPA may have favorable effects on weight and adiposity status.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Milena Rundle, Jarlei Fiamoncini, E. Louise Thomas, Suzan Wopereis, Lydia A. Afman, Lorraine Brennan, Christian A. Drevon, Thomas E. Gundersen, Hannelore Daniel, Isabel Garcia Perez, Joram M. Posma, Diana G. Ivanova, Jimmy D. Bell, Ben van Ommen, Gary Frost
Summary: This study assessed the effect of weight loss on phenotypic flexibility using dietary challenges and found that weight loss can significantly reduce adipose tissue and ectopic fat. In addition, markers of insulin action and resistance were reduced after weight loss in the postprandial phase.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Lore Metz, Terry Guirado, Kristine Beaulieu, Bruno Pereira, Carole Brun, Fabien Coutarel, Martine Duclos, David Thivel
Summary: Walking desks can reduce sedentary time during work without appetite compensation. The small reduction in energy balance with walking while working could have significant health benefits.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
R. James Stubbs, Jake Turicchi
Summary: Understanding the effects of energy imbalances on physiological and behavioral responses is crucial for managing obesity and undernutrition. Compensatory changes in physiology and behavior are more pronounced in response to negative energy balances, and therapeutic weight loss and famine/semistarvation both involve prolonged energy deficits with key differences.
Article
Physiology
Jorge R. Soliz-Rueda, Raul Lopez-Fernandez-Sobrino, Harriet Schellekens, Cristina Torres-Fuentes, Lluis Arola, Francisca Isabel Bravo, Begona Muguerza
Summary: Biological rhythms are endogenously generated natural cycles that regulate various physiological mechanisms and homeostasis in organisms, and disrupting these rhythms can increase metabolic risk. This study investigated whether consuming a sweet treat before sleeping can disrupt diurnal rhythmicity and metabolism in healthy rats. The results showed that consuming a sweet treat at the beginning of the resting period led to increased body weight gain and higher cardiometabolic risk. Additionally, the expression of central clock genes and food intake signaling genes varied depending on the timing of the snack, highlighting the disruption of hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Zitser, Isabel Elaine Allen, Neus Falgas, Michael M. Le, Thomas C. Neylan, Joel H. Kramer, Christine M. Walsh
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the objective sleep influencers behind older adult responses to subjective sleep measures, specifically the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The results showed that wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), and total sleep time (TST) were associated with subjective sleep disturbance measured by the PSQI. These findings suggest that objective sleep parameters can influence the subjective assessment of sleep quality in older adults.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huseyin Koksal, Mehmet Akif Ceviz, Kenan Yakut, Galip Kaltakkiran, Ahmet Numan Ozakin
Summary: The warm up characteristics of an engine have a significant impact on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Retarding the ignition timing can shorten the light off time of the catalytic converter, but it may adversely affect the engine's warm up performance. This study revealed the effects of ignition timing on the energy balance during the warm up period and proposed a novel ignition timing strategy that increases exhaust gas temperature without reducing engine performance. The novel strategy resulted in a 7.2% increase in energy loss through the exhaust gas for certain operating conditions, while eliminating the reduction in engine performance. Additionally, a 20% reduction in NO emissions was achieved.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Max Hahn-Klimroth, Philipp Loick, Soo-Zin Kim-Wanner, Erhard Seifried, Halvard Bonig
Summary: The study aimed to identify the minimal dataset needed to generate reasonably precise and accurate hemoglobin loss prediction tools and to validate an estimation formula. By analyzing factors such as weight, height, sex, and pre- and post-intervention hemoglobin concentration, a model with an outstanding R-2 value was derived and validated, outperforming previously proposed medical models.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francisco M. Acosta, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Borja Martinez-Tellez, J. M. A. Alcantara, Jose M. Llamas-Elvira, Jonatan R. Ruiz
Summary: The study found that there is no diurnal variation in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in young healthy adults. The resting energy expenditure (REE) and CIT were similar in the morning and evening, and BAT F-18-FDG uptake also did not show differences throughout the day.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Camille Lassale, Alvaro Hernaez, Estefania Toledo, Olga Castaner, Jose V. Sorli, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Ramon Estruch, Emilio Ros, Angel M. Alonso-Gomez, Jose Lapetra, Raquel Cueto, Miquel Fiol, Lluis Serra-Majem, Xavier Pinto, Alfredo Gea, Dolores Corella, Nancy Babio, Montserrat Fito, Helmut Schroder
Summary: Clinical data on the direct health effects of energy deficit or surplus beyond its impact on body weight are scarce. In an older Mediterranean cohort, energy surplus or increase over a 5-year period was associated with greater risk of mortality, particularly cardiovascular mortality. Energy deficit, or reduction in energy intake over time were not associated with mortality risk.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rosalind Baynham, Jet J. C. S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Paul W. Johns, Quang S. Pham, Catarina Rendeiro
Summary: The study shows that cocoa flavanols can counteract mental stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and improve peripheral blood flow during stress, suggesting that flavanol-rich dietary strategies can help protect vascular health during stress.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lore Metz, Laurie Isacco, Nicole Fearnbach, Bruno Pereira, David Thivel, Martine Duclos
Summary: The study found that energy expenditure was higher during water-based cycling compared to rest and land-based cycling; carbohydrate oxidation was also higher. Adjusting the duration of land-based cycling to reach the same energy expenditure as water-based cycling was effective. There were no differences in food intake between different exercise sessions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guixiang He, Yalan Peng, Xiaolong Liu, Yong Liu, Jian Liang, Xin Xu, Ke Yang, Fortunatus Masanja, Yang Xu, Yuewen Deng, Liqiang Zhao
Summary: The study found that intertidal bivalves exhibit post-responses to recurrent heatwaves, with changes in physiological and gene expression. Some genes showed up-regulation after repeated exposure, correlated with increased energy-metabolizing enzyme and antioxidant enzyme activities, while genes related to biomineralization showed down-regulation under recovery scenarios.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Akifumi Kishi, Hans P. A. Van Dongen
Summary: Evaluating the dynamic structure of sleep can provide new insights into the mechanisms of human sleep physiology. This study found substantial interindividual differences in NREM/REM sleep cycles and sleep stage transitions, suggesting that these mechanisms are phenotypic. The dynamics of sleep stage transitions were also associated with sleep cycle characteristics, particularly the length of sleep cycles and the balance between S2-to-W/S1 and S2-to-SWS transitions.
NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Oussama Saidi, Emmanuelle Rochette, Giovanna Del Sordo, Eric Dore, Etienne Merlin, Stephane Walrand, Pascale Duche
Summary: The study found that adjusting dietary intake to energy requirement and reducing the energy proportion of the evening meal can improve sleep quality in adolescents with obesity. Positive energy balance alone cannot justify worsened sleep among adolescents with obesity compared to normal weight counterparts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ya Chai, Zhuo Fang, Fan Nils Yang, Sihua Xu, Yao Deng, Andrew Raine, Jieqiong Wang, Meichen Yu, Mathias Basner, Namni Goel, Junghoon J. Kim, David A. Wolk, John A. Detre, David F. Dinges, Hengyi Rao
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Madison K. Titone, Brae Anne McArthur, Tommy H. Ng, Taylor A. Burke, Laura E. McLaughlin, Laura E. MacMullen, Namni Goel, Lauren B. Alloy
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrea M. Spaeth, Namni Goel, David F. Dinges
Review
Psychiatry
John F. Gottlieb, Namni Goel, Shenghao Chen, Michael A. Young
Summary: Sleep deprivation may be effective in treating bipolar depression, especially when used in conjunction with medication.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Susan Kohl Malone, Amy J. Peleckis, Laura Grunin, Gary Yu, Sooyong Jang, James Weimer, Insup Lee, Michael R. Rickels, Namni Goel
Summary: The study aimed to describe long-term changes in glycemic control and objective sleep in adults with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness after initiating hybrid closed loop (HCL) insulin delivery. Results showed that HCL significantly reduced hypoglycemia occurrences and improved hypoglycemia awareness, but also led to delayed onset and shortened duration of sleep.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tess E. Brieva, Courtney E. Casale, Erika M. Yamazaki, Caroline A. Antler, Namni Goel
Summary: Various methods for defining cognitive deficits due to sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation are not equivalent. The Raw Score approach is a reliable method for distinguishing resilient and vulnerable groups during sleep loss based on performance in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Digit Span Test.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Courtney E. Casale, Erika M. Yamazaki, Tess E. Brieva, Caroline A. Antler, Namni Goel
Summary: This study aimed to compare different methods for defining resilience and vulnerability based on subjective metrics. The results showed that only the Raw Score approach consistently distinguished Resilient and Vulnerable groups, while the other approaches differed in their categorizations. The study suggests using the Raw Score approach as an effective method for subjective resilience/vulnerability categorization.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tianxin Mao, David Dinges, Yao Deng, Ke Zhao, Zijing Yang, Hui Lei, Zhuo Fang, Fan Nils Yang, Olga Galli, Namni Goel, Mathias Basner, Hengyi Rao
Summary: Sleep deprivation impairs neurobehavioral functions such as vigilant attention and inhibition control. This study found that deficits in vigilant attention contribute to impairments in inhibition control after one night of total sleep deprivation and two nights of partial sleep restriction.
NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Erika M. Yamazaki, Courtney E. Casale, Tess E. Brieva, Caroline A. Antler, Namni Goel
Summary: This study examined the impact of sleep loss on vigilant attention and categorized individuals' resiliency/vulnerability using three different approaches. The results showed that the approaches yielded similar results in classifying PVT lapses but had differences for 1/RT. Therefore, selecting appropriate methods and metrics is crucial for defining vigilant attention resiliency/vulnerability to sleep loss.
Review
Oncology
Elizabeth B. Klerman, Allison Brager, Mary A. Carskadon, Christopher M. Depner, Russell Foster, Namni Goel, Mary Harrington, Paul M. Holloway, Melissa P. Knauert, Monique K. LeBourgeois, Jonathan Lipton, Martha Merrow, Sara Montagnese, Mingming Ning, David Ray, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Steven A. Shea, Debra J. Skene, Claudia Spies, Bart Staels, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Steffen Tiedt, Phyllis C. Zee, Helen J. Burgess
Summary: The manuscript provides guidance on measuring metrics of endogenous circadian rhythms in humans and advocates for the inclusion of circadian rhythms assessments in health and disease studies. It describes protocols and analyses commonly used for studying human daily rhythms and recommends definitions and examples of circadian terminology.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Logan T. Smith, Rachel F. L. Walsh, Namni Goel, Lauren B. Alloy
Summary: Social jetlag is significantly associated with differences in trajectories and lability of mood symptoms, particularly in individuals with high reward sensitivity and bipolar spectrum disorder. This study adds to the literature with methodological strengths such as ecological momentary assessment design and assessment of symptom and reward responsiveness trajectories.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Tianxin Mao, Zhuo Fang, Ya Chai, Yao Deng, Joy Rao, Peng Quan, Namni Goel, Mathias Basner, Bowen Guo, David F. Dinges, Jianghong Liu, John A. Detre, Hengyi Rao
Summary: Sleep loss may impact risky decision-making by attenuating neural responses to decision outcomes and impairing the relationship between brain and behavior.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Courtney E. Casale, Namni Goel
Summary: This paper discusses the impact of genotype on neurobehavioral responses to sleep deprivation, emphasizing the importance of the candidate gene approach in studying resilience and vulnerability in humans. Potential genetic indicators and the efficacy of countermeasures for sleep loss are also addressed in the review. Discovery of novel genetic markers has critical implications for future research in the field of sleep and circadian science.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Erika M. Yamazaki, Caroline A. Antler, Charlotte R. Lasek, Namni Goel
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the recovery patterns and differences after total sleep deprivation (TSD) and chronic sleep restriction (SR). Results showed that deficits in cognitive performance, self-reported sleepiness, and other measures were reversed after recovery sleep, except for some measures which failed to completely recover. This suggests that TSD and SR induce sustained, differential biological, physiological, and/or neural changes that are not reversed with chronic, long-duration recovery sleep.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Erika M. Yamazaki, Namni Goel
CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS
(2020)