Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 473, Issue -, Pages 326-337Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.032
Keywords
Statistical downscaling; Phenology; Climate change; Lake Simcoe; Hydrological change; Uncertainty analysis
Categories
Funding
- MISTRA Future Forests program
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
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Lake Simcoe is the most important inland lake in Southern Ontario. The watershed is predominantly agricultural and under increasing pressure from urbanization, leading to changing runoff patterns in rivers draining to the lake. Uncertainties in rainfall-runoff modeling in tributary catchments of the Lake Simcoe Watershed (LSW) can be an order of magnitude larger than pristine watersheds, hampering water quality predictions and export calculations. Here we conduct a robust assessment to constrain the uncertainty in hydrological simulations and projections in the LSW using two representative adjacent agricultural catchments. Downscaled CGCM 3 projections using Al B and A2 emission scenarios projected increases of 4 C in air temperature and a 26% longer growing season. The fraction of precipitation falling as snow will decrease. Spring runoff is an important event in LSW but individual HBV best calibrated parameter sets under-predicted peak flows by up to 32%. Using an ensemble of behavioral parameter sets achieved credible representations of present day hydrology and constrained uncertainties in future projections. Parameter uncertainty analysis showed that the catchments differ in terms of their snow accumulation/melt and groundwater dynamics. Human activities exacerbate the differences in hydrological response. Model parameterization in one catchment could not generate credible hydrological simulations in the other. We cautioned against extrapolating results from monitored to ungauged catchments in managed watersheds like the LSW. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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