Eutectic Nano-Droplet Template Injection into Bulk Silicon to Construct Porous Frameworks with Concomitant Conformal Coating as Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Building porosity in monolithic materials is highly desired to design 3D electrodes, however ex-situ introduction or in-situ generation of nano-scale sacrificial template is still a great challenge. Here Al-Si eutectic droplet templates are uniformly injected into bulk Si through Al-induced solid-solid convection to construct a highly porous Si framework. This process is concomitant with process-inherent conformal coating of ion-conductive oxide. Such an all-in-one method has generated a (continuously processed) high-capacity Si anode integrating longevity and stable electrolyte-anode diaphragm for Li-ion batteries (e.g. a reversible capacity as large as similar to 1800 mAh/g or similar to 350 mu Ah/cm(2)-mu m with a CE of similar to 99% at 0.1C after long-term 400 cycles).