Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 433, Issue -, Pages 427-433Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.073
Keywords
Submarine groundwater discharge; Nutrients; Radium isotope; Groundwater; Estuary
Categories
Funding
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [HKU 7028/06P]
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Tolo Harbour, located in the northeastern part of Hong Kong's New Territories, China, has a high frequency of algal blooms and red tides. An attempt was made to first quantify the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into Tolo Harbour using Ra-226, and then to estimate the nutrient fluxes into the Harbour by this pathway. The total SGD was estimated to be 8.28 x 10(6) m(3) d(-1). while the fresh submarine groundwater discharge (FSGD) was estimated to be 2.31 x 10(5) m(3) d(-1). This showed that a large amount of SGD was contributed by recirculated seawater rather than fresh groundwater in the Harbour. Using the SGD and groundwater nutrient information around Tolo Harbour, the nutrient loading through SGD was estimated to be 1.1 x 10(6) mol d(-1) for DIN, 1.4 x 10(4) mol d(-1) for PO43--P and 1.4 x 10(6) mol d(-1) for SiO2-Si, which was much more significant than its counterpart through the river discharge. Despite uncertainties in the estimation, the nutrient loading to Tolo Harbour by SGD is clearly significant. Thus, the current efforts for management of red tides in Tolo Harbour have to be reviewed and control of groundwater contamination is obviously required. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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