Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Songhan Wang, Yongguang Zhang, Weimin Ju, Jing M. Chen, Alessandro Cescatti, Jordi Sardans, Ivan A. Janssens, Mousong Wu, Joseph A. Berry, J. Elliott Campbell, Marcos Fernandez-Martinez, Ramdane Alkama, Stephen Sitch, William K. Smith, Wenping Yuan, Wei He, Danica Lombardozzi, Markus Kautz, Dan Zhu, Sebastian Lienert, Etsushi Kato, Benjamin Poulter, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Inken Krueger, Rong Wang, Ning Zeng, Hanqin Tian, Nicolas Vuichard, Atul K. Jain, Andy Wiltshire, Daniel S. Goll, Josep Penuelas
Summary: Our study shows that the global CO2 fertilization effect on vegetation photosynthesis has decreased over the past four decades. Despite concerns raised in the Comments, additional evidence supports the robustness of our findings regarding the global decline in CFE.
Article
Ecology
Victor Vazquez, Pablo Leon, Francisco J. L. Gordillo, Carlos Jimenez, Iniguez Concepcion, Kevin Mackenzie, Eileen Bresnan, Maria Segovia
Summary: The heavily calcified Emiliania huxleyi strain from the Norwegian Sea was cultured to investigate the effects of ocean acidification on growth performance, calcification, and physiological stress management. The study found that high pCO(2) affected cell growth rates, viability, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, while low pH affected carbon uptake affinity. High CO2 had a greater impact on cell growth than low pH alone, suggesting metabolic imbalance induced by high CO2. However, calcification was not significantly reduced by either acidification method.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mathias Haunost, Ulf Riebesell, Francesco D'Amore, Ole Kelting, Lennart T. Bach
Summary: The study found that the coccosphere of coccolithophores does not directly protect against predation by heterotrophic dinoflagellates. However, when the dinoflagellate feeds on calcified coccolithophores, its growth rate slows down, possibly due to reduced digestion rates or increased swimming efforts. Additionally, the coccosphere reduces the ingestion capacity of the predator by occupying much of its intracellular space.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Limnology
Roberta Johnson, Gerald Langer, Sergio Rossi, Ian Probert, Marta Mammone, Patrizia Ziveri
Summary: This study quantified the effects of pH and temperature on the nutritional condition, growth rate, and morphology of the coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi. Results showed that reduced pH increased lipid production, while lower temperature decreased growth rate. The availability of lipids to consumers increased at 20 degrees C, but decreased under low pH. The nutritional quality of coccolithophores will decline under climate change, and low pH may make coccolithophores easier to digest for consumers.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zaichun Zhu, Hui Zeng, Ranga B. Myneni, Chi Chen, Qian Zhao, Junjun Zha, Simin Zhan, Ian MacLachlan
Summary: The study by Wang et al. highlights the incorrect processing of satellite data and problematic methods for comparing CO2 fertilization effect (CFE) between satellite data and model simulations. Their findings suggest that ecosystem models may not necessarily underestimate the rate of CFE decline as previously thought.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Frankenberg, Yi Yin, Brendan Byrne, Liyin He, Pierre Gentine
Summary: Using photosynthesis proxies from long-term satellite records, Wang et al. reported a significant decline in CO2 fertilization effects. However, small systematic biases in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data affected the analysis, casting doubt on the robustness of the key finding. Caution is advised when using AVHRR to detect changes in NIRv trends and vegetation indices.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuxing Sang, Ling Huang, Xuhui Wang, Trevor F. Keenan, Chenzhi Wang, Yue He
Summary: The study reported a significant decline in the CO2 fertilization effect on global photosynthesis, attributing it to changing regression coefficients of CO2 for satellite proxies/products of photosynthesis. However, the methods used in the study were found to be inadequate for robustly estimating CFE, leading to incorrect conclusions and overlooking the effects of CO2 on the photosynthetic enzyme RuBisCO.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alan Cooper, Chris S. M. Turney, Jonathan Palmer, Alan Hogg, Matt McGlone, Janet Wilmshurst, Andrew M. Lorrey, Timothy J. Heaton, James M. Russell, Ken McCracken, Julien G. Anet, Eugene Rozanov, Marina Friedel, Ivo Suter, Thomas Peter, Raimund Muscheler, Florian Adolphi, Anthony Dosseto, J. Tyler Faith, Pavla Fenwick, Christopher J. Fogwill, Konrad Hughen, Matthew Lipson, Jiabo Liu, Norbert Nowaczyk, Eleanor Rainsley, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Paolo Sebastianelli, Yassine Souilmi, Janelle Stevenson, Zoe Thomas, Raymond Tobler, Roland Zech
Summary: The study suggests that geomagnetism plays a role in environmental and evolutionary changes, and further testing with new data is needed. The studies presented by Picin et al. do not undermine the model proposed by the researchers.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alan Cooper, Chris S. M. Turney, Jonathan Palmer, Alan Hogg, Matt McGlone, Janet Wilmshurst, Andrew M. Lorrey, Timothy J. Heaton, James M. Russell, Ken McCracken, Julien G. Anet, Eugene Rozanov, Marina Friedel, Ivo Suter, Thomas Peter, Raimund Muscheler, Florian Adolphi, Anthony Dosseto, J. Tyler Faith, Pavla Fenwick, Christopher J. Fogwill, Konrad Hughen, Matthew Lipson, Jiabo Liu, Norbert Nowaczyk, Eleanor Rainsley, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Paolo Sebastianelli, Yassine Souilmi, Janelle Stevenson, Zoe Thomas, Raymond Tobler, Roland Zech
Summary: The paper on the impacts of the Laschamps Geomagnetic Excursion 42,000 years ago has generated significant interest from both the scientific community and the public, particularly regarding the so-called Adams Event related to the initial transition of the magnetic poles. The authors are open to discussing their new ideas, but are disappointed by Hawks' claims of misrepresentation, especially given his limited review of the material.
Article
Biology
Nathan G. Walworth, Jana Hinners, Phoebe A. Argyle, Suzana G. Leles, Martina A. Doblin, Sinead Collins, Naomi M. Levine
Summary: This study examined the effects of microbial evolution on global elemental cycles by investigating adaptive walks and trait evolution in Chlamydomonas exposed to high CO2. The direction of historical bias influenced both adaptation rate and evolved phenotypes. It is crucial for ecological models to consider changes in traits and correlations between traits to accurately predict phytoplankton evolution and future shifts in elemental cycling.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sam M. Slater, Paul Bown, Richard J. Twitchett, Silvia Danise, Vivi Vajda
Summary: Predictions on how marine calcifying organisms will respond to climate change largely rely on the fossil record of nannoplankton. However, a global record of imprint or ghost-nannofossils contradicts the belief that declines in calcium carbonate and nannofossil abundance during past global warming events can be attributed to biocalcification crises caused by ocean acidification. The fossil records of these intervals have been distorted by calcium carbonate dissolution, suggesting that nannoplankton were more resilient to past events than previously thought.
Article
Plant Sciences
Haimanti Biswas
Summary: This study investigates the growth response of Arctic diatom Chaetoceros gelidus under varying CO2 and light levels. The results suggest that this species has a high adaptability to variable light levels and is capable of accumulating substantial amounts of organic carbon at low CO2 levels. Additionally, under nitrogen limitation, intracellular nitrogen resources may be recycled, resulting in an increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratio within the cells.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fan Sun, Xueli Xing, Hui Hong
Summary: This study re-examines the effects of CO2 conversion rate on the net CO2 emission rate in photothermal catalytic systems and finds that achieving net-zero carbon emission is more challenging than previously thought. The use of green hydrogen source is crucial for carbon neutrality in photothermal CO2 catalysis.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hila May, Rachel Sarig, Ariel Pokhojaev, Cinzia Fornai, Maria Martinon-Torres, Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro, Gerhard W. Weber, Yossi Zaidner, Israel Hershkovitz
Summary: The claims by Marom and Rak that NR Homo may be a Neanderthal lack substance and fail to contribute significantly to the debate on Middle Pleistocene Homo evolution. Limitations and preconceptions in their study prevented them from going beyond a dichotomous interpretation of NR as either Neanderthal or modern human.
Article
Biology
Fengxia Wu, Jia Guo, Haozhen Duan, Tongtong Li, Yanan Wang, Yuntao Wang, Shiqiang Wang, Yuanyuan Feng
Summary: In this study, the response of the coccolithophore Pleurochrysis carterae to ocean acidification under different irradiance levels was investigated. The results showed that ocean acidification suppressed the photosynthesis and increased the saturation irradiance for growth of P. carterae. Compared to other coccolithophore species, P. carterae exhibited lower sensitivity to ocean acidification. This study provides new insights into the species-specific responses of coccolithophores to projected ocean acidification under different irradiance conditions in the changing marine environment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
C. Schultz, S. C. Doney, J. Hauck, M. T. Kavanaugh, O. Schofield
Summary: The ocean coastal-shelf-slope ecosystem west of the Antarctic Peninsula is a region with high biological productivity and potential carbon sink, where the duration of the sea-ice season affects biological productivity and surface dissolved inorganic carbon levels. The impact of sea ice on phytoplankton is complex, with early sea-ice retreat leading to longer growth seasons and late retreat resulting in larger surface DIC drawdown.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Margaux Noyon, Alex J. Poulton, Sarah Asdar, Riaan Weitz, Sarah L. C. Giering
Summary: The Agulhas Bank near southern Africa plays a crucial role in the success of commercially valuable fish species, but little is known about zooplankton distribution in this area. A survey conducted in March 2019 revealed a clear gradient of mesozooplankton abundance and biovolume from inner to outer shelf areas. The Central Agulhas Bank was dominated by copepods and doliolids, with high biomass and deep mixed layer depth.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jennifer K. McWhorter, Paul R. Halloran, George Roff, William J. Skirving, Chris T. Perry, Peter J. Mumby
Summary: The study found that limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius can significantly reduce thermal stress events on the Great Barrier Reef, positively impacting its ecosystem health. However, if greenhouse gas emissions continue, coral reefs will face even more severe thermal stress, leading to adverse impacts in the future.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Sixolile L. Mazwane, Alex J. Poulton, Anna E. Hickman, Fatma Jebri, Zoe Jacobs, Mike Roberts, Margaux Noyon
Summary: This study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of Net Primary Production (NPP) on Agulhas Bank (AB) using satellite-derived data. The results indicate that AB is a significant site of perennial moderate levels of NPP, with little interannual variability and a slight decline over time. These findings are important for understanding the ecosystem productivity of South African coastal fisheries.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Sarah L. C. Giering, Margaux Noyon, Brian Godfrey, Alex J. Poulton, Filipa Carvalho, Mike Roberts
Summary: The Agulhas Bank is a moderately productive and dynamic shelf ecosystem, where underwater visibility can be poor and high-turbidity events occur. The study found a cross-shelf gradient of near-bottom turbidity and distinct particle dynamics, with high new production and organic matter transport in the Port Alfred region and particle retention in the Central Agulhas Bank. Benthic nepheloid layers near the coast were likely formed by sediment resuspension.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Alex J. Poulton, Sixolile L. Mazwane, Brian Godfrey, Filipa Carvalho, Edward Mawji, Juliane U. Wihsgott, Margaux Noyon
Summary: The Agulhas Bank is a productive shelf sea with abundant fish stocks, nursery grounds, and spawning sites. This study examines the dynamics of primary production and physio-chemical conditions supporting productivity during autumn. The survey reveals westward trends of surface mixed layers and stratification. Nutrient-rich surface waters and high chlorophyll-a concentrations are observed, indicating favorable conditions for Net Primary Production (NPP). The study also explores the formation mechanisms of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum (SCM), showing variability from in-situ growth to photo-acclimation.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jennifer K. McWhorter, Paul R. Halloran, George Roff, William J. Skirving, Peter J. Mumby
Summary: Increases in warm seawater temperatures are causing mass coral mortality events. However, some reefs act as potential refugia, escaping severe stress. This study identifies climate refugia on the Great Barrier Reef and predicts their persistence into the future. It is found that certain reef locations experience the least thermal stress due to their oceanographic circumstances, providing potential relief from warming until global warming exceeds approximately 3 degrees C.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Babette A. A. Hoogakker, Caroline Anderson, Tommaso Paoloni, Andrew Stott, Helen Grant, Patrick Keenan, Claire Mahaffey, Sabena Blackbird, Erin L. McClymont, Ros Rickaby, Alex Poulton, Victoria L. Peck
Summary: The study investigates the relationship between the carbon isotopes of planktonic foraminifera-bound organic carbon (δ13C(org-pforam)) and particulate organic matter (POM) (δ13C(org-POM)). The results show that δ13C(org-pforam) values are remarkably similar to δ13C(org-POM) values, indicating that δ13C(org-pforam) can be used as a proxy for reconstructing past environmental conditions in the upper ocean and understanding the evolution of the carbon cycle over geological time-scales.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beatriz Arellano-Nava, Paul R. Halloran, Chris A. Boulton, James Scourse, Paul G. Butler, David J. Reynolds, Timothy M. Lenton
Summary: Bivalves provide evidence that the subpolar North Atlantic underwent destabilization and crossed a tipping point during the transition into the Little Ice Age. This finding is significant for understanding the climate changes leading up to the Little Ice Age and the stability of the climate system.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Schuyler C. Nardelli, Patrick C. Gray, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Oscar Schofield
Summary: The study focuses on the impact of changing sea ice seasons and meteoric water on phytoplankton community composition and cell size in coastal West Antarctic Peninsula waters. The research reveals that the variations in sea ice seasons have a significant effect on phytoplankton biomass and species composition, while cell diameter changes are related to precipitation. The tight coupling between sea ice, meltwater, and phytoplankton species composition suggests that continued warming in the area will have implications for seasonal dynamics in the ecosystem.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Helge A. A. Winkelbauer, Babette A. A. Hoogakker, Rosie J. J. Chance, Catherine V. V. Davis, Christopher J. J. Anthony, Juliane Bischoff, Lucy J. J. Carpenter, Simon R. N. Chenery, Elliott M. M. Hamilton, Philip Holdship, Victoria L. L. Peck, Alex J. J. Poulton, Mark C. C. Stinchcombe, Karen F. F. Wishner
Summary: Planktic foraminifera test iodine to calcium ratios are a useful proxy method for assessing subsurface seawater oxygenation states. Lower I/Ca ratios have been observed in planktic foraminifera from locations with oxygen depleted subsurface waters. This is because only oxidized iodine species, such as iodate, are incorporated into foraminiferal calcite. However, planktic foraminifera from well oxygenated regions have significantly lower I/Ca ratios compared to similarly well-oxygenated core-top samples, suggesting post-mortem iodine uptake during settling or burial.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Aimee Coggins, Andrew J. Watson, Ute Schuster, Neill Mackay, Brian King, Elaine McDonagh, Alex J. Poulton
Summary: Using biogeochemical Argo floats, we studied the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations and fluxes of a mesoscale diatom bloom in the Southern Ocean. The methodology for deriving surface pCO2 from float-based pH and oxygen measurements was independently analyzed and validated. The results showed good agreement between float and ship measurements, supporting the use of biogeochemical Argo floats to supplement shipboard pCO2 measurements. The study also calculated a significant CO2 flux from the atmosphere into the surface mixed layer, driven by air-sea pCO2 gradient and variable winds.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Joanna Ainsworth, Alex J. Poulton, Maeve C. Lohan, Mark C. Stinchcombe, Alastair J. M. Lough, Mark Moore
Summary: The Southern Ocean is a large HNLC region where iron limits phytoplankton growth and productivity. Island wakes can mix iron into surface waters, leading to large phytoplankton blooms. The interaction between iron and phytoplankton is reciprocal in blooms, with plankton regulating the cycling of iron. Observations and experiments were conducted to investigate iron limitation and remineralization in a November 2017 bloom downstream of South Georgia. The results showed that surface phytoplankton were iron limited, and iron remineralization mainly occurred through rapid release of adsorbed iron.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andre Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Thomas Jackson, Andrei Chuprin, Malcolm Taberner, Ruth Airs, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Belanger, Jean-Francois Berthon, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Robert J. W. Brewin, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco P. Chavez, Andres Cianca, Herve Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Afonso Ferreira, Scott Freeman, Robert Frouin, Carlos Garcia-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Ralf Goericke, Richard Gould, Nathalie Guillocheau, Stanford B. Hooker, Chuamin Hu, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Steven Lohrenz, Hubert Loisel, Antonio Mannino, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Enrique Montes, Frank Muller-Karger, Aimee Neeley, Michael Novak, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Rudiger Roettgers, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Crystal Thomas, Rob Thomas, Gavin Tilstone, Andreia Tracana, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Bozena Wojtasiewicz, Simon Wright, Giuseppe Zibordi, Sukru Besiktepe
Summary: This article presents a global in situ data set for validating ocean colour products. The data set includes various observation variables and has undergone homogenization, quality control, and merging processes.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shrivardhan Hulswar, Rafel Simo, Marti Gali, Thomas G. Bell, Arancha Lana, Swaleha Inamdar, Paul R. Halloran, George Manville, Anoop Sharad Mahajan
Summary: This paper presents an updated estimation of global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatology with significant improvements in data handling and processing. The results show a decrease in the global annual mean DMS concentration compared to the previous estimation, and large regional differences are observed. The global sea-to-air flux of DMS has also decreased, with the most significant changes occurring in high concentration regions such as the polar oceans.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
